Distribution normality of pH and H<Superscript>+</Superscript> activity in soil

Soil pH, a log-transformed form of hydrogen ion (H⁺) activity, is often used for various statistics. However whether soil pH meets the requirement of distribution normality for statistical analyses is unknown. We studied the statistical suitability of both soil pH and H⁺ activity by examining their distribution normalities. Results show that the variability of H⁺ activity is higher and its distribution is skewer, which is significantly different from the normal and soil pH, regardless of soil conditions and analytical methods. Here we demonstrate that soil pH is more appropriate than the H⁺ activity for performing statistical analysis in terms of distribution normality.     

氨基酸侧链基团的特异性化学修饰对玉帘凝集素凝血活性和促淋巴细胞有丝分裂活性的影响

石蒜科植物玉帘 (ZephyranthescandidaHerb)的球茎 ,经生理盐水浸取、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE -Sepharose和SephacrylS - 10 0分子筛层析 ,分离纯化出玉帘凝集素 (Z .candidaaggulutination ,ZCA) ,在SDS -PAGE显示单一蛋白带 ,经分子筛层析测得相对分子量 (Mr)约为 4 8× 10 3 .采用不同的化学修饰试剂对玉帘凝集素中的不同氨基酸侧链基团进行修饰 .结果表明 :Arg残基的修饰引起兔红细胞凝集活性下降 73% ,Trp残基的修饰引起兔红细胞凝集活性下降 36 % ;Ser/Thr残基的修饰导致促淋巴细胞有丝分裂活性下降 2 9.3% ,细胞分裂比率下降 7.2 % .图 3表 2参 12     

MnO2.CuO／Al2O3催化剂上CO的常温催化氧化研究

本文研究了CO常温氧化的催化剂——MnO_2·CuO/Al_2O_3。考察了活性组分MnO_2,CuO的相对百分含量,浸渍溶液的酸度、焙烧温度、反应温度等因素对催化剂活性的影响。发现催化剂的活性与其差热分析的脱水峰及分解反应(MnO_2→Mn_2O_3)的峰温存在一定的对应关系。     

微生物絮凝剂SC06的化学组成和特性

纤维堆囊菌（Sorangium cellulosum NUST 06）产生一种胞外多糖絮凝剂。用乙醇沉淀和Sepharose 4B凝胶层析纯化得到纯品SC06，通过气相色谱和红外光谱分析，SC06由葡萄糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成，其比较约为5∶3∶1，SC06的絮凝活性依赖于阳离子的存在，在pH2-9范围内絮凝活性稳定。     

光(温)敏核不育水稻生态及生理生化研究概述

本文介绍了光、温敏核不育水稻在生态及生理生化方面取得的主要成就.着重概述了光、温敏核不育水稻雄性育性转换的光温生态条件,育性转换过程中蛋白质、氨基酸、酶活性、ATP及内源植物激素持续变化.另外,对光、温敏不育水稻研究存在的问题进行了分析.     

The Effect of Fragment Shape and Species' Sensitivity to Habitat Edges on Animal Population Size

Abstract:  Habitat fragmentation causes extinction of local animal populations by decreasing the amount of viable "core" habitat area and increasing edge effects. It is widely accepted that larger fragments make better nature reserves because core-dwelling species have a larger amount of suitable habitat. Nevertheless, fragments in real landscapes have complex, irregular shapes. We modeled the population sizes of species that have a representative range of preferences for or aversions to habitat edges at five spatial scales (within 10, 32, 100, 320, and 1000 m of an edge) in a nation-wide analysis of forest remnants in New Zealand. We hypothesized that the irregular shapes of fragments in real landscapes should generate statistically significant correlations between population density and fragment area, purely as a "geometric" effect of varying species responses to the distribution of edge habitat. Irregularly shaped fragments consistently reduced the population size of core-dwelling species by 10–100%, depending on the scale over which species responded to habitat edges. Moreover, core populations within individual fragments were spatially discontinuous, containing multiple, disjunct populations that inhabited small spatial areas and had reduced population size. The geometric effect was highly nonlinear and depended on the range of fragment sizes sampled and the scale at which species responded to habitat edges. Fragment shape played a strong role in determining population size in fragmented landscapes; thus, habitat restoration efforts may be more effective if they focus on connecting disjunct cores rather than isolated fragments.     

Evaluating Effects of Habitat Loss and Land-Use Continuity on Ant Species Richness in Seminatural Grassland Remnants

Abstract:  Seminatural grasslands in Europe are susceptible to habitat destruction and fragmentation that result in negative effects on biodiversity because of increased isolation and area effects on extinction rate. However, even small habitat patches of seminatural grasslands might be of value for conservation and restoration of species richness in a landscape with a long history of management, which has been argued to lead to high species richness. We tested whether ant communities have been negatively affected by habitat loss and increased isolation of seminatural grasslands during the twentieth century. We examined species richness and community composition in seminatural grasslands of different size in a mosaic landscape in Central Sweden. Grasslands managed continuously over centuries harbored species-rich and ecologically diverse ant communities. Grassland remnant size had no effect on ant species richness. Small grassland remnants did not harbor a nested subset of the ant species of larger habitats. Community composition of ants was mainly affected by habitat conditions. Our results suggest that the abandonment of traditional land use and the encroachment of trees, rather than the effects of fragmentation, are important for species composition in seminatural grasslands. Our results highlight the importance of considering land-use continuity and dispersal ability of the focal organisms when examining the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. Landscape history should be considered in conservation programs focusing on effects of land-use change.     

阿特拉津对不同肥力土壤磷酸酶的影响

通过室内恒温培养法，研究除草剂阿特拉津对4种长期定位施肥处理下的土壤的磷酸酶活性的影响。试验结果表明，在阿特拉津质量分数不同和处理时间长短不同的情况下，阿特拉津对土壤磷酸酶的活性既有激活作用又有抑制作用。在试验过程中，4种不同肥力的土壤其磷酸酶活性随着处理时间的延续而呈现出“降低→升高→降低→升高”的消长趋势。不同阿特拉津质量分数对磷酸酶的影响没有规律，同一质量分数处理既有激活作用，也有抑制作用。在4种不同肥力的土壤中，磷酸酶活性最高的是以氮、磷、钾无机肥配合有机肥施用的土壤。     

中文智能型pH线监控仪及其工程应用

介绍了以微计算机为核心的中文智能型pH在线监控仪的软硬件结构、系统配置模式,及多个废水处理工程中pH监控系统的设计思路和小试的工艺流程。     

炼油厂废裂化催化剂的综合利用

炼油厂的催化裂化催化剂用过一段时间后就失去活性 ,卸出系统后成了废物 ,污染环境。该研究在实验的基础上介绍了综合利用方案 ,可达到变废为宝、增加效益、净化环境的目的