Combining culturomic sources to uncover trends in popularity and seasonal interest in plants

Culturomic tools enable the exploration of trends in human–nature interactions, although they entail inherent biases and necessitate careful validation. Furthermore, people may engage with nature across different culturomic data sets differently. We evaluated people's digital interest and engagement with plant species based on Wikipedia and Google data and explored the conservation implications of these temporal interest patterns. As a case study, we explored the digital footprints of the most popular plant species in Israel. We analyzed 4 years of daily page views from Hebrew Wikipedia and 10 years of daily Google search volume in Israel. We modeled popularity of plant species in these 2 data sets based on a suite of plant attributes. We further explored the seasonal trends of people's interest in each species. We found differences in how people interacted digitally with plants in Wikipedia and Google. Overall, in Google, searches for species that have utility to humans were more common, whereas in Wikipedia, plants that serve as cultural emblems received more attention. Furthermore, in Google, popular species attracted more attention over time, opposite to the trend in Wikipedia. In Google, interest in species with short bloom duration exhibited more pronounced seasonal patterns, whereas in Wikipedia, seasonality of interest increased as bloom duration increased. Together, our results suggest that people's digital interactions with nature may be inherently different depending on the sources explored, which may affect use of this information for conservation. Although culturomics holds much promise, better understanding of its underpinnings is important when translating insights into conservation actions.     

生物炭配施磷肥对土壤养分、酶活性及紫花苜蓿养分吸收的影响

生物炭作为一种既能单独施用,又能与化肥共同施用的土壤改良剂,在农业生产实践中被广泛施用.然而,关于不同粒径生物炭与磷肥联合施用对土壤和植物的影响研究较少.采用盆栽试验,研究在两个磷水平下,不同粒径生物炭对土壤养分、酶活性以及紫花苜蓿养分吸收的影响[生物炭根据直径分为：C1(>1 mm)和C2(<0.01 mm)这两种处理].结果表明,生物炭和磷联合施用显著提高了土壤养分、酶活性和苜蓿养分吸收;其中,C2处理显著提高了土壤有效磷含量(P<0.05)和磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),而C1处理对铵态氮、硝态氮、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05).并且,不同粒径生物炭处理间的养分及酶的差异受到土壤磷水平的影响,P0水平下,C1和C2处理的铵态氮和硝态氮含量并没有显著差异;而在P1水平下,C1处理的铵态氮和硝态氮含量比C2处理高24.19%和18.68%(P<0.05),但C1和C2处理的有效磷之间并无显著差异;磷添加显著提高了苜蓿地上和地下部的N和P含量(P<0.05),但是不同粒径生物炭之间苜蓿养分含量并没有显著影响.综上所述,生物炭与磷肥...     

连作对党参根际土壤理化性质、微生物活性及群落特征的影响

为探究连作对党参根际土壤理化性质、土壤微生物活性和群落特征的影响.以休耕5 a再种植党参的地块(CK)和不同连作年限的党参种植田为研究对象,采用Illumina高通量测序技术结合土壤理化性质分析,探讨了党参根际土壤理化性质、微生物活性和微生物群落特征对连作年限的响应.结果表明,党参根际土壤有机碳、全磷、全氮和盐分的含量随着连作年限的延长而增加,而土壤pH值则随着连作年限的延长而降低.较CK处理,连作1 a、 2 a、 3 a和4 a的党参根际土壤有机碳含量分别增加了11.1%、 80.5%、 74.9%和78.2%,全磷含量分别增加了11.8%、 52.9%、 66.7%和78.4%,全氮含量分别增加了31.3%、 68.8%、 52.1%和56.3%.连作3 a和4 a时土壤盐分含量显著增加,较CK处理,土壤电导率分别增加了54.2%和84.7%.根际土壤中微生物生物量碳氮比随着连作年限的延长而呈现增加的趋势,土壤呼吸熵和微生物熵则呈现降低的趋势.随着连作年限的增加,土壤中细菌多样性和丰度降低,真菌多样性和丰度增加.此外,随着连作年限的增加,土壤中细菌群落之间的拮抗作用增强,而真菌群...     

Assessment of heavy metal enrichment and its human impact in lacustrine sediments from four lakes in the mid-low reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Sediments from four lakes in the mid-low reaches of the Yangtze River, Taibai Lake, Longgan Lake, Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake, were chosen to evaluate their enrichment state and history. The state of heavy metal enrichment was at a low level in the sediment of Taibai Lake and Longgan Lake. The enrichment state of Co, Cr and Ni was also low in the sediment of Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake, while Cu, Pb and Zn enrichment reached a higher level. Mass accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantitatively evaluate the anthropogenic contribution to heavy metals in the sediment. The anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were lower in the sediment of Taibai Lake and Longgan Lake compared with the other two lakes, where heavy metals, especially Cu, Pb and Zn, were mainly from anthropogenic sources. Heavy metal accumulation did not vary greatly in the sediment of Taibai Lake and Longgan Lake, while that in Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake increased since the 1950s and substantially increased since the 1980s, although a decrease occurred since 2000 AD in Xijiu Lake. Heavy metal enrichment was strongly related to human activities in the catchment. The development of urbanization and industrialization was much more rapid in the catchments of Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake than of the other two lakes, and thus large amounts of anthropogenically sourced heavy metals were discharged into the lakes, which resulted in a higher contamination risk. However, human activities in the Longgan Lake and Taibai Lake catchments mainly involved agriculture, which contributed a relatively small portion of heavy metals to the lakes.     

广东省夏秋季光化学反应活性空间分布表征

于夏末秋初在深圳市城市和郊区开展了大气OH自由基观测,结果显示OH自由基日间峰值平均浓度分别为6.0×10⁶cm^-3和5.9×10⁶cm^-3,与国内外其他地区相比处于中等水平.基于实测数据构建了拟合效果较好的本地化OH自由基参数化公式,应用于广东省OH自由基空间分布的表征,并进一步利用日间OH和NO₂浓度之积反映光化学反应活性(AP).结果发现,2018年夏秋季广东省大气光化学反应活性总体上呈现珠江三角洲较高,AP达10.1×10⁷μg/(m³·cm³),粤东、粤西、粤北地区较低的分布态势,AP分别为5.4×10⁷, 5.9×10⁷和7.7×10⁷μg/(m³·cm³);同期的PM_2.5和O₃高值区域也集中在珠江三角洲,说明了调控光化学反应活性对珠江三角洲协同控...     

大亚湾湿地沉积物氮矿化特征及影响因素探究

为探讨大亚湾滨海湿地沉积物中有机氮矿化作用的时空分布规律及其影响因素,于2017年3月（枯水期）和8月（丰水期）分别采集了大亚湾典型湿地3个断面的表层沉积物,利用连续淹水培养法对沉积物有机氮矿化过程进行了测定.结果发现,不同站位沉积物氮的矿化速率差异较大,其矿化速率范围为1.88~15.12mg/（kg·d）,平均速率为（6.45±3.47）mg/（kg·d）,整体呈现S3（红树林断面）> S1（光滩断面）> S2（河口断面）的分布规律.矿化速率的最高值出现在S3红树林断面,表明红树植物的生长能够促进微生物的矿化作用.蛋白酶和脲酶的活性平均值分别为（8.52±4.21）mg/（kg·d）和（25.34±11.11）μg/（g·d）,蛋白酶活性空间分布上与矿化速率的分布特征一致,表现为S3 > S1 > S2.蛋白酶和脲酶活性最高的区域均出现在S3断面的高潮带,这主要由于红树林影响地区具有较高的生产力和微生物丰度,促进了微生物代谢酶的产生.蛋白酶的活性远高于脲酶活性,表明人类活动对近岸湿地生态系统的物质输入可能主要以大分子类有机氮为主.在河口断面,矿化速率和酶活活性均较低,与该地区较高的NH₄⁺-N含量有关.整体上,湿地沉积物矿化速率与蛋白酶和脲酶之间呈现出显著的正相关性（P<0.01）,说明蛋白酶和脲酶在有机氮的矿化过程中发挥了关键作用.     

改性酒糟生物炭对紫色土养分及酶活性的影响

为探寻酒糟生物炭和不同改性酒糟生物炭对土壤性质的影响,采用盆栽试验研究不同土壤改良剂(CK:不施改良剂、 JZ:酒糟生物炭、 TiO₂/JZ:酒糟生物炭负载纳米二氧化钛、 Fe/TiO₂/JZ:铁改性酒糟生物炭负载二氧化钛)和不同改良剂施用量(1%、 3%、 5%)在水旱轮作下不同处理土壤养分和酶活性的差异特征.结果表明：(1)改性酒糟生物炭显著提高了土壤pH和CEC(P<0.05).Fe-TiO₂/JZ在5%添加量下水稻季土壤pH达7.95,较CK处理增加了2.3个单位;CEC达12.06cmol·kg^-1,增加了21.38%;小白菜季土壤pH达5.99,较CK处理增加了1.5个单位;Fe-TiO₂/JZ在3%添加量下CEC达到8.91cmol·kg^-1,增加了13.11%.(2)同时显著提高了土壤全氮和有效磷含量(P<0.05).在5%添加量下JZ、 TiO₂/JZ和Fe-TiO₂/JZ土壤全氮于...     

廊坊开发区秋季VOCs污染特征及来源解析

使用ZF-PKU-1007大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）在线连续监测系统,于2018年09月25日~10月18日在廊坊市经济技术开发区对99种VOCs进行了在线连续观测.结果显示,观测期间VOCs浓度为69.56×10^-9,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醛酮类及卤代烃体积分数占VOCs比例分别为53.2%、5.9%、7.6%、10.5%和19.3%;使用OH消耗速率L_OH和臭氧生成潜势（OFP）估算了观测期间VOCs大气化学反应活性,结果表明醛酮类、芳香烃和烯烃是主要的活性物质;使用气溶胶生成系数法（FAC）估算了VOCs对二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的贡献,得出VOCs对SOA浓度的贡献值为1.13μg/m³,其中芳香烃对SOA生成贡献占比为94.3%,间/对-二甲苯、甲苯为优势物种;使用PMF模型对VOCs进行了来源解析,识别了5个主要来源,分别为溶剂使用及挥发源（39.6%）、机动车源（22.5%）、固定燃烧源（17.6%）、石化工业源（11.1%）及植物排放源（9.4%）,因此,溶剂使用及挥发源、机动车源及燃烧源应为廊坊开发区秋季大气VOCs控制的重点.     

基于腐蚀电流的加速腐蚀关系可靠性模型

目的通过对加速腐蚀关系的研究,为飞机的日历寿命的确定提供依据。方法首先提出基于腐蚀电流的加速腐蚀关系可靠性模型,并通过测试极化曲线的方法得到LY12和ZL115两种飞机常用铝合金材料在蒸馏水及不同浓度Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀电流。结果由于材料缺陷分布的随机性,铝合金的腐蚀电流具有随机特征,且随着盐浓度的增加而增大。两种铝合金材料的加速腐蚀关系系数在统计上存在较大的差异,在3.5%盐浓度下(温度)考虑95%置信度的加速腐蚀关系系数,LY12铝合金为3.53、ZL115为2.32。结论本文基于腐蚀电流的加速腐蚀关系的研究可以很好地为飞机日历寿命确定提供依据。     

旱地土壤反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化菌的垂向分布特性与活性分析

在厌氧条件下,以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体将甲烷氧化的反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化反应(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane-oxidizing,n-damo)的发现,彻底颠覆了人们对甲烷循环的传统理解.通过分子生物学方法及13C和15N稳定同位素示踪技术,对河北省北澧河附近的旱地农田土壤(0~1 m)中n-damo菌的群落结构、丰度和活性进行了研究,深入探究了n-damo菌的亚硝酸盐底物来源.结果显示,n-damo菌更多存在于旱地浅层土壤中,并且随季节变化分布在不同深度的土壤中.针对其pmo A基因的系统发育分析显示,旱地土壤中n-damo菌的群落结构具有明显的空间异质性,来自土壤0~20 cm和40~60 cm土层的序列完全分开,处于系统发育树不同分枝.针对其16S rRNA基因的实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,n-damo菌丰度随土壤深度的增加而降低,夏季丰度(1.44×10~4~1.02×10~5copies·g~(-1))低于冬季(3.66×104~2.67×105copies·g-1).在浅层土壤(0~20 cm)中,硝化反应和反硝化反应共同为n-damo菌提供亚硝酸盐底物来源;而在深层土壤(60~80 cm)中,亚硝酸盐底物主要来源于硝化反应.n-damo菌的活性(0.18 nmol·g~(-1)·d~(-1),以CO_2计)只能在夏季表层土壤(0~20 cm)中检测到,其余深度均未检测到其活性.在旱地农田土壤中,反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化菌对农田碳循环的影响可能不大.