表面活性剂对小花南芥（Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch）累积铅锌的促进作用

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、鼠李糖脂（rhamnolipids）和皂角苷（saponins）等不同离子类型的表面活性剂对矿渣中重金属Pb和Zn的解吸效果,并采用盆栽实验研究了上述3种表面活性剂对Pb和Zn超富集植物小花南芥（Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch）的生物量、吸收和富集重金属的影响。结果表明：3种表面活性剂对Pb的解吸效率是鼠李糖脂〉皂角苷〉CTAB,对Zn的解吸效率随处理质量浓度增加而增加,解吸率介于2.84%～10.84%之间;3种表面活性剂都能促进小花南芥叶长、根长、冠幅、地上部生物量及地下部生物量增加,与对照相比增加了1.06～1.92倍,除了表面活性剂CTAB处理质量浓度为7.5g.L^-1时,小花南芥叶长、冠幅、根长及地下部和地上部生物量都下降,分别为对照的0.61～0.88倍。添加三种表面活性剂都能显著促进小花南芥地下部和地上部累积Pb和Zn,并且位移系数和富集系数都大于1。这说明3种表面活性剂对小花南芥修复重金属铅和锌污染的土壤有促进作用。     

Arsenic retention and transport behavior in the presence of typical anionic and nonionic surfactants

The massive production and wide use of surfactants have resulted in a large amount of surfactant residuals being discharged into the environment,which could have an impact on arsenic behavior.In the present study,the influence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) and nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether(Triton X-100) on arsenic behavior was investigated in batch and column tests.The presence of SDBS and Triton X-100 reduced arsenic retention onto ferrihydrite(FH),enhanced arsenic transport through FH coated sand(FH-sand) columns and promoted arsenic release from the FH surface.With coexisting surfactants in solution,the equilibrium adsorbed amount of arsenic on FH decreased by up to 29.7% and the adsorption rate decreased by up to 52.3%.Pre-coating with surfactants caused a decrease in the adsorbed amount and adsorption rate of arsenic by up to 15.1% and 58.3%,respectively.Because of the adsorption attenuation caused by surfactants,breakthrough of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) with SDBS in columns packed with FH-sand was 23.8% and 14.3%faster than that in those without SDBS,respectively.In columns packed with SDBS-coated FH-sand,transport of arsenic was enhanced to a greater extent.Breakthrough of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) was 52.4% and 43.8% faster and the cumulative retention amount was 44.5% and 57.3% less than that in pure FH-sand column systems,respectively.Mobilization of arsenic by surfactants increased with the increase of the initial adsorbed amount of arsenic.The cumulative release amount of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) from the packed column reached 10.8% and 36.0%,respectively.