土壤氮素及其环境效应

本文概述了土壤中含氮化合物的排放源、通量及其对环境的主要影响 ,并就这些氮素污染物与土壤理化因子和氮肥施用量之间的关系进行了简要的分析     

徐州市奎河河流--地下水渗流系统处理水体中氮

基于污水土地处理系统可以渗漏形式补给地下水的特点，利用现场调查分析的方法，提出了一种新的污水土地处理方式－河流－地下水渗流系统去除污水中氮。结果表明，河流－地下水饱和渗流系统对氮污染组分具有很高的去除作用，在距河流４０ｍ处对污水中氮的去除率达９５％以上，且不受季节变化的影响。     

悬浮态污泥的SRT对复合式A2/O工艺性能的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧复合工艺(复合式A2/O工艺)及其对照工艺(传统A2/O工艺),进行了悬浮态污泥SRT的变化对系统性能影响的试验研究结果表明,悬浮态污泥浓度与其SRT的关系仍符合劳伦斯-麦卡蒂方程式的导出公式所反映的变化趋势,但其同时和反应器中填料上的生物膜数量呈相反变化趋势在总HRT为12.76 h、COD容积负荷小于1.5kg·m-3·d-1、TKN容积负荷小于0.13kg·m-3·d-1、悬浮态污泥SRT为25～5 d、水温为12～15 ℃时,悬浮态污泥SRT的变化对COD的去除几乎没有影响,出水COD均小于50 mg·L-1;但SRT的变化对氮和磷的去除有较大的影响,当悬浮态污泥SRT大于10 d时,出水NH4+-N和TN浓度分别低于15 mg·L-2和20mg·L-1,随SRT的增大,TP的去除效率下降;附着态生物膜参与硝化过程,能够提高系统总的NH4+-N去除率20%～30%.悬浮态污泥SRT宜控制为10～15 d,这可在一定程度上解决或缓解传统A2/O工艺中硝化和除磷过程对污泥龄要求的矛盾.     

氮肥和磷肥对稻田N2O排放的影响

通过模拟南方稻田施用不同量的氮肥和磷肥的实验来探讨N和P对稻田释放N2O的影响.结果表明,水稻田N2O排放通量的较大值主要出现在3次烤田期;氮肥和磷肥对土壤中产生N2O的贡献主要在水稻生长中后期,从第1次烤田起(移栽后34d),氮肥和磷肥都表现为对N2O排放有促进作用;而低氮对N2O排放的刺激作用没有高氮的作用明显,且N2处理(180kg/hm2)、N1处理(90kg/hm2)和N0处理(没有施肥)之间的平均N2O排放差异不显著.在水稻生长中后期(第1次烤田后),N3处理(270kg/hm2)和N4处理(360kg/hm2)的较高水平的氮肥加入能强烈刺激N2O排放.     

Comparison of biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation of multi-species pastures (mixed herb leys) with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture with and without irrigation in Canterbury, New Zealand

Legume-based pastures in Australasia are predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). These pastures have disadvantages such as limitations in the production and persistence of white clover and ryegrass in drought prone regions. With the increasing interest in organic agriculture, more complex pasture mixtures are seen as an alternative to the standard ryegrass-white clover (RWC) pasture. Although anecdotal evidence exists to support the benefits of alternative pastures, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support or refute these claims. The present study was conducted to compare three different alternative multi-species (mixed herb leys) (MSP) pastures with the standard RWC pasture with and without irrigation, in terms of biomass and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) over a period of 1 year under field conditions in Canterbury, New Zealand. Isotopic dilution technique involving field ¹⁵N-microplots were used to measure BNF. Irrigation doubled dry matter yields (DMY) of all pastures compared with those under dryland. There was no significant difference between DMY of all pastures under dryland. However, under irrigation, MSP pastures out-yield RWC pasture in total and legume DMY. Red clover MSP produced significantly lower DMY than the comprehensive or lucerne MSP treatment, probably due to the ability of lucerne in extracting water from deeper soil depth. Seasonal changes in plant composition varied according to the species sown, soil moisture status and temperature. Total and seasonal amounts of N₂ fixed followed the same trend as the DMY and were related to the DMY of legumes. On average, about 26–34 kg N was fixed per tonne of legume DMY, showing a uniformity across all pastures. Overall, based on the present results of 1-year study, the MSP pastures tend to result in higher DMY, BNF and legume growth compared with that of the RWC pasture, provided irrigation is available. With increased BNF, these irrigated MSP pastures may provide high quality feed to grazing animals.     

不同状态下包气带除氮及阻止氮污染能力的实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验方法对包气带三种状态下，即天然自净、分别向包气带介质中注入营养以及人工培殖的高效脱氮菌，阻止氮污染及除氮能力进行了研究与评价。结果发现向包气带介质中注入人工培殖的高效脱氮菌这种状态具有很强的除氮和阻止氮污染的能力，进而给出了该种状态下细菌脱氮反应动力学模型。为实施利用包气带进行污水除氮和控制面源氮源污提供了科学依据。     

浅谈SBR污水处理技术的进展

综述了SBR法曝气、脱氮除磷的研究进展，归纳了经典及新型SBR工艺的特点，SBR法的发展前途。     

氮气密封技术在储运生产中的应用

概述了油品蒸发损耗的机理.介绍了氮气密封技术在储运生产中的应用.认为采用氮气密封技术降低油品蒸发的损耗,具有投资小、见效快、降低蒸发损耗效果显著等优点.     

聚醋酸乙烯储罐氮封系统失效原因分析与对策

聚乙烯醇是一种用途相当广泛的水溶性高分子聚合物,某企业采用醋酸乙烯溶液聚合生产聚醋酸乙烯溶液,聚醋酸乙烯溶液再经过醇解反应生产聚乙烯醇。在聚乙烯醇装置醇解罐区共有12个储罐用于储存聚醋酸乙烯,分析储罐氮封系统现状,存在尾气管道积液不畅、呼吸阀频繁开启、供氮阀不按设定值开闭等问题,从本质安全的角度,提出了解决措施,确保储罐安全运行。     

Study of control strategy and simulation in anoxic-oxic nitrogen removal process

The control strategy and simulation of external carbon addition were specially studied in an anoxic-oxic(A/O) process with low carbon: nitrogen(C/N) domestic wastewater. The control strategy aimed to adjust the flow rate of external carbon dosage to the anoxic zone, thus the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite(NOx^- -N) in the anoxic zone was kept closed to the set point. The relationship was studied between the NOx^- -N concentration in the anoxic zone(SNo) and the dosage of external carbon, and the results showed that the removal efficiency of the total nitrogen(TN) could not be largely improved by double dosage of carbon source when SNO reached about 2 mg/L. Through keeping SNO at the level of about 2 mg/L, the demand of effluent quality could be met and the carbon dosage could be optimized. Based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM No. 1), a simplified mathematical model of external carbon dosage was developed, Simulation results showed that PI controller and feed-forward PI controller both had good dynamic response and steady precision. And feed-forward PI controller had better control effects due to its consideration of influent disturbances.