刺激浮游植物生长的Fe对大气C沉降的影响

探讨了Fe对海洋浮游植物生长的影响过程和Fe在大气C沉降中的作用,作者认为:Fe不是浮游植物生长限制因子,而是浮游植物生长刺激因子;用Fe作为肥料,不仅不会降低大气中的CO2,还会相对增加大气中的CO2。Fe对浮游植物生长影响的研究过程给我们揭示了人类只能认识自然规律和变化过程以及运行的机制,而不能随意去改变它们。     

中国营养物质排放控制标准特点分析及发展

水体的富营养化及由此引起的水污染治理是一个世界性难题。污染物排放控制标准对控制污染与保护环境具有重要贡献。氮磷是富营养化的重要指标。随着水体富营养化程度的加重,中国氮磷排放控制标准愈趋严格和完善。为有效改善水体环境和水质,进一步完善营养物质控制标准,有必要制定纳管企业氮磷预处理环保标准,并深入研究以确定基于生态分区的营养物基准,研究制定科学、合理的富营养化评价方法及分级标准等。     

ICP-AES法测定煤矸石中的Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr

取1.000g矸石样品于聚四氟乙烯坩埚中,加入5mLH2O2放置过夜,加6mL浓HCl,4mL浓HNO3,在微波炉中消解至近干,再加2mLHF,继续消解至粘稠状,用温热稀HCl溶解残渣,转入50mL容量瓶中,加1%HNO3定容,用ICP-AES法测定煤矸中Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr。在选定的测定条件下,检出限分别为0.013mg/L、0.0044mg/L、0.0014mg/L和0.0069mg/L;精密度的相对标准偏差分别为2.9%、3.4%、3.1%、2.1%;准确度实验铬的回收率在97.5%～106.0%之间。     

绿化带下的生态复合塘污水处理工艺设计

工程旨在探讨生态复合塘作为污水处理工艺,以实现城乡污水处理的多元化与可持续性目标。文章以蓟县毛家峪长寿度假村为例,结合混凝沉淀池、污泥浓缩池、快速渗滤湿地、潜流湿地和表面流湿地等技术,从工艺设计及其关键设计参数出发,在防治系统堵塞、冰冻、油渍及渗漏的基础上,创造性地将人工湿地同绿化带相结合,解决了生态塘占地面积大的问题。工程的预期结果:该技术工艺设计可使出水达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB8978-2002)一类A级水平、农田灌溉和城乡杂用水的用水标准,各类污染物去除率分别为SS(mg/L)87.5%～96.7%,BOD5(mg/L)93.3%,COD(mg/L)61.5%～84.8%,TP(mg/L)50%～91.7%,NH3-N(mg/L)最高达87.5%。该设计实现了污水处理与绿化、节地的有机统一,可根据实际情况在机关、企事业单位和住宅小区推广应用。     

Effect of nutrient level on phytoplankton community structure in di erent water bodies

Increasing levels of pollution within water bodies can cause eutrophication and an associated rapid growth in and reproduction of phytoplankton. Although most frequently occurring in bodies of water such as lakes and dams, in recent years an increasing number of river systems in China have suffered serious algal blooms. The community structure of phytoplankton may differ, however, dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and nutrient levels within the water body. The field investigation results obtained fro...     

Practical performance and its efficiency of arsenic removal from groundwater using Fe-Mn binary oxide

A treatment unit packed by granular adsorbent of Fe-Mn binary oxide incorporated into diatomite (FMBO(1:1)-diatomite) was studied to remove arsenic from anaerobic groundwater without any pre-treatment or post-treatment. The raw anaerobic groundwater containing 35-45 μg/L of arsenic was collected from suburb of Beijing. Arsenic(III) constituted roughly 60%-80% of the total arsenic content. Approximately 7,000 bed volumes (ratio of efluent volume to adsorbent volume) treated water with arsenic concentration below 10 μg/L were produced in the operation period of four months. The regeneration of FMBO(1:1)-diatomite had been operated for 15 times. In the first stage, the regeneration process significantly improved the adsorption capacity of FMBO(1:1)-diatomite. With increased loading amount of Fe-Mn binary oxide, the adsorption capacity for arsenic decreased 20%-40%. Iron and manganese in anaerobic groundwater were oxidized and adsorptive filtrated by FMBO(1:1)-diatomite efficiently. The final concentrations of iron and manganese in efluents were nearly zero. The continued safe performance of the treatment units proved that adsorbent FMBO(1:1)-diatomite had high oxidation ability and exhibited strong adsorptive filtration.     

Effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe（Ⅲ） solutions and the role of Fe（Ⅲ） in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe（Ⅲ） could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe（Ⅲ） to form Fe（Ⅱ）, and the regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

新型CuMn/TiO2苯类催化燃烧催化剂的研制及活性实验

采用浸溃法制备了CuMn/TiO2新型甲苯燃烧催化剂,其活性明显优于传统CuMn/γ-Al2O3和Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂.研究发现,载体TiO2自身有一定催化活性,而γ-Al2O3则几乎没有活性;TiO2与Cu-Mn之间的协同作用更提高了新型催化剂的活性.XRD、LRS结果显示,CuMn/TiO2催化剂的主要活性相为铜锰尖晶石(CuMn2O4),它的存在是CuMn/TiO2催化活性优良的另一个主要原因.考察了Cu-Mn负载量、铜锰比和焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,CuMn/TiO2下对甲苯的去除率达95%以上时催化床层温度为215℃,比CuMn/γ-Al2O3和Cu-Mn复合氧化物对甲苯去除率达95%时分别下降了30℃、50℃左右.     

Effects of metal lead on growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive plant species （Solidago canadensis L.）

It is less known whether and how soil metal lead (Pb) impacts the invasion of exotic plants.A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species(Solidago canadensis L.)in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments.Three Pb levels(control,300,and 600 mg/kg soil)were used in this study to simulate ambient soil and two pollution sites where S. canadensis grows.Mycorrhizal inoculum comprised five indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (Glomus mosseae,Glomus versiform,Glomus diaphanum,Glomus geosporum,and Glomus etunicatum).The 15N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhizally mediated nitrogen acquisition of plants.The results showed that S. canadensis was highly dependent on mvcOrrhizae.The Pb additions significantly decreased biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization(root length colonized,RLC%) but did not affect spore numbers,N(including total N and 15N) and P uptake.The facilitating efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient acquisition was promoted by Pb treatments.The Pb was mostly sequestered in belowground of plant (root and rhizome).The results suggest that the high efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake mightgive S. canadensis a great advantage over native species in Pb polluted softs.     

Dechlorination of disinfection by-product monochloroacetic acid in drinking water by nanoscale palladized iron bimetallic particle

Nanoscale palladized iron(Pd/Fe)bimetallic particles were prepared by reductive deposition method.The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-nitrogen(BET-N_2)method.Data obtained from those methods indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles containedα-Fe~0.Detected Pd to Fe ratio by weight(Pd/Fe ratio)was close to theoretical value. Spherical granules with di...