苯并(a)芘在黄河水体不同粒径颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征

模拟实验研究了苯并(a)芘在黄河水体不同粒径颗粒物上的吸附作用,重点探讨了颗粒物粒径对苯并(a)芘的表面吸附和分配作用的影响.结果表明:(1)苯并(a)芘在黄河水体颗粒物上的吸附符合表面吸附-分配作用复合模式(2)苯并(a)芘在粒径d≥0.025 mm颗粒物上的吸附以表面吸附为主,表面吸附对吸附的贡献在68.7%至82.4%之间;当苯并(a)芘液相平衡浓度为0～8.87μg·L-1时,其在粒径0 007 mm≤d＜0.025 mm颗粒物上的吸附以表吸附作用为主,当液相平衡浓度大于8.87μg·L-1时,吸附以分配作用为主;苯并(a)芘在粒径d＜0.007 mm颗粒物上的吸附以分配作用为主;(3)苯并(a)芘在不同粒径颗粒物上的表面吸附对总吸附的贡献大小顺序为:(d≥0.025 mm)＞(0.007 mm≤d＜0 025 mm)＞(d＜0.007 mm);(4)苯并(a)芘在不同粒径颗粒物中的分配系数与有机质含量呈线性相关,其标化分配系数Koc约为1.26×105L·kg-1.     

植物角质层的蜡质组分对甲萘酚的吸附作用

采用批量平衡法,比较研究了苹果角质结合蜡质、分离蜡质和重建蜡质对极性有机污染物甲萘酚的吸附作用,并探讨了不同负载量的重建蜡质的吸附性能,以期为准确预测有机污染物在不同状态蜡质组分上的吸附行为提供依据.结果表明,甲萘酚在苹果角质层、脱蜡角质层、分离蜡质(IW)、重建蜡质(BW)上的等温吸附线呈非线性,符合Freundlich方程.植物蜡质对甲萘酚的吸附作用与蜡质所处状态密切相关,吸附能力(Koc)大小顺序为:重建蜡质(321.2) > 分离蜡质(190.4) > 角质结合蜡质(128.4),表明植物角质层进入土壤后发生演化过程中,其中不易降解的蜡质的吸附能力逐渐增大.重建蜡质(BW)的吸附系数(Kd)与甲萘酚的浓度呈负相关,与蜡质的负载量呈正有关.在低浓度时,甲萘酚的有机碳标化吸附系数Koc值随有机碳含量(foc)增大先增大后减小,存在一些强的特殊作用;而高浓度时, Koc-基本为一常数,不随蜡质负载量而变化,主要吸附机理为分配作用.角质结合蜡质(CW)对角质层的总吸附作用的贡献较小,但随甲萘酚平衡浓度的增大而逐渐增大,并于高浓度时, CW的吸附能力与IW相当.     

微生物处理技术在有机污染物降解中的应用

微生物处理有机污染物是一种费用低,效果好,无二次污染且操作简单的处理方法。综述了国内外几种微生物处理有机污染物技术的研究进展。     

基于灰色预测模型与一元线性回归模型的煤矿瓦斯涌出量预测比较

在介绍灰色预测模型和一元线性回归模型的基础上,结合某煤矿实际,采用两种模型对瓦斯涌出量进行了预测,并对两种模型的预测值进行比较,结果表明:对基本符合线性关系的数据,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型较一元线性回归模型的预测精度要高。     

环境振动的灰色预测模型研究

利用 GIM( 1 )的非时序直接建模法来预测研究建筑施工的环境振动 ,并将 GIM( 1 )模型与 GM( 1 ,1 )模型进行比较分析。结果表明 GIM( 1 )模型的拟合精度优良 ,对原始资料中白化信息的利用更加丰富 ,拓宽了 GIM( 1 )模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围     

Use of the chemical cleavage of mismatch method for prenatal deficiency diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin

The most common mutation in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, conversion of a G to an A at base 9989 (PI-Z), was detected with the chemical cleavage of mismatch method, demonstrating the power of the method for prenatal diagnosis. Exon V of the gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and heteroduplexes were formed to test for the presence of the mutation. The predicted C mismatch was readily detectable with hydroxylamine, and by making the probe from the chorionic villus sample it was possible to determine that the fetus was heterozygous, not homozygous, for the mutation.     

珠三角地区近20年城镇化与景观生态安全耦合协调分析

针对城镇化进程加快导致的珠三角地区生态景观胁迫程度日趋严峻,亟需加强区域生态保护的现状,构建新型城镇化与景观生态安全的耦合协调模型,定量测度2000—2020年珠三角地区城镇空间扩展与景观生态安全耦合协调时空格局以及发展状态,运用多元回归分析和灰色预测模型揭示其驱动机理,并预测2040年城镇空间扩展和景观生态安全耦合的发展趋势。结果表明：珠三角地区9市城镇化与景观生态安全的耦合协调度在20年间呈现缓慢波动上升的趋势,耦合协调度由2000年的0.305~0.436升至2020年的0.385~0.545,现处于拮抗耦合阶段,未来20年将继续向着协调同步、有序发展的方向前进。珠三角地区经济发展不平衡,城镇开发建设和生态环境保护难以同步发展,景观生态状况不乐观,生态环境滞后型的地市逐渐增多,尚未全面形成良好的协调发展状态。对外开放程度、经济发展水平、科技投入水平等因素对耦合协调度的影响较为显著（P<0.05）,今后对于区域可持续发展需要加强耦合协调的机理研究,持续关注城镇空间拓展与景观生态安全的协调发展趋势及特征。

     

海藻酸钠包埋活性炭与细菌的条件优化及其对Pb2+的吸附特征研究

利用海藻酸钠固定化包埋活性炭与多黏类芽孢杆菌GA1,通过正交试验研究海藻酸钠溶液浓度、包炭量及包菌量吸附Pb2+的最佳配比,并研究了这种新型的固定化小球对Pb2+的吸附特征.结果表明,固定化活性炭与多黏类芽孢杆菌GA1小球最佳制备条件为海藻酸钠质量分数2.5%、包炭量1:20和包菌量1:2,在该制备条件下吸附率达到93.74%.固定化小球的最佳吸附条件为pH5、温度30℃和Pb2+初始浓度300mg·L-1,活性炭与GA1经固定后对pH、温度和Pb2+初始浓度适应范围扩大.吸附平衡曲线表明,对Pb2+的吸附在30min内是一个快速的过程,在2h时基本趋于平衡,且平衡曲线能较好地用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型来描述,其吸附过程主要为单分子层吸附,最大单分子层吸附量为370.37mg·g-1.解吸结果表明固定化小球能有效地循环利用.     

Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC)-based prenatal diagnosis for tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a frequent autosomal-dominant condition (affecting 1 in 6000 individuals) caused by various mutations in either the hamartin (TSC1) or the tuberin gene (TSC2). This allelic and non-allelic heterogeneity makes genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis difficult, especially as a significant proportion of TSC cases are due to de novo mutations. For this reason the identification of the disease causing mutation is mandatory for accurate counseling, yet current mutation detection methods such as single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are labor intensive with limited detection efficiency. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is a high-throughput, semi-automated mutation detection system with a reported mutation detection rate close to 100% for PCR fragments of up to 800 bp. We used a recently described DHPLC assay allowing the efficient detection of mutations in TSC1 to analyze the DNA extracted from a chorion villus sample in order to perform a prenatal diagnosis for TSC. The fetus was found not to have inherited the deleterious mutation and the DHPLC diagnosis was confirmed by haplotype analysis. This represents the first DHPLC-based prenatal diagnosis of a genetic disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal diagnosis of complete sole trisomy 1q

The prenatal diagnosis of a complete trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 is reported. Major ultrasound findings included: nuchal thickening, bi-temporal narrowing, a single choroid plexus cyst, andmild ventriculomegaly. There was a mass in the chest and abdomen, pleural effusion, ascites and a hyperechoic bowel. Skin edema was present. The fetus died at 26 weeks' gestation. A literature review is presented of 17 de novo and two inherited cases with only trisomy 1q. Of note is the fact that 3/5 prenatally detected 1q trisomies have teratomas. A review of the literature reveals a dismal outcome fortrisomy 1q cases if the duplication involves bands 1q25→q32. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.