兰州市工业固体废物污染现状与控制对策

本文通过对兰州市工业固体废物的产生量及处置现状的详细调查,深入分析了兰州市工业固体废物的污染特征以及固体废物处理处置过程中存在的问题;根据兰州市经济发展承受能力,对工业固体废物的增长趋势进行了预测;并针对兰州市当前工业固体废物的综合处理状况和工业结构特征,从立法、执法、管理等方面提出了相应的控制对策和建议.     

江西葛源黄山铌（钽）矿床地质特征及成因分析

江西葛源黄山铌（钽）矿床位于灵山花岗岩体西侧的内外接触带上,受赣东北深大断裂及其次级北东向和北西西向断裂的控制。围岩蚀变主要为角岩化、矽卡岩化和黑鳞、铁锂云母岩化等。总体矿化特征,近岩体富铌,远岩体而富钽。     

河南遂平石寨铺铁矿区地球物理特征及找矿远景

遂平石寨铺铁矿区位于河南省隧平县境内,属于沉积变质型铁矿,含铁层位是太古界太华岩群。依据地球物理特征及物探高精度磁法工作结果,与舞阳铁矿成矿条件对比,预测西北部找矿远景较好。     

汶川震区典型泥石流形成特征及运动特征研究——以大沟泥石流沟为例

查明了大沟泥石流的发育情况及泥石流沟谷特征,从而确定了大沟泥石流的形成特征,以利于分析预测其发展趋势;并通过计算确定了汶川震区典型泥石流的运动特征,这些结论对于如何经济合理治理大沟泥石流具有重要的现实意义。根据以上结果针对大沟泥石流可以制定一套有效的防治措施,建议在现有防治措施的基础上增设三道重力式拦砂坝,并在治理后采取生物措施对其进行综合防治,采用工程措施与生物措施相结合的综合防治对策。采取生物防治措施可以起到拦截降水、调节径流、护坡稳坡、增强土体的稳定性和抗雨水侵蚀能力的作用。     

水田土壤对铜离子吸附性能的试验研究

采用恒温振荡平衡法研究了乐山市某一水田土壤和未种植过的土壤对铜离子的吸附特性。结果表明:溶液的pH值越大,土壤对铜离子的吸附量越大;铜标准溶液的初始浓度越大,土壤对铜离子的吸附量越大;土壤含腐殖酸越多,对铜离子的吸附能力越强;水田土壤比未种植过的土壤对铜离子的吸附能力更强;用Freundlish方程来描述各种土壤对铜离子的吸附特性均得到了较好的相关性。     

1株草除灵高效降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以草除灵为唯一碳源生长的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为Methyloversatilis sp.,命名为MBLHC-2.对菌株MBLHC-2的生长特性研究表明,液体培养时,菌株呈絮状生长;在30℃、pH 8.0的R2A培养基中生长...     

春节与疫情管控期间珠三角VOCs的组成和来源变化

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是对流层中臭氧(O3)生成过程的关键前体物,是O3与PM2.5协同治理的重要管控对象.基于2020年1月1日～2月29日珠江三角洲(珠三角)4个站点的在线VOCs观测数据,分析了春节与疫情管控期间珠三角地区VOCs组分、活性、臭氧生成潜势和来源的变化.结果表明,春节与疫情管控期间珠三角地区φ(V...     

水中无机阳离子混凝剂的电动检测特性研究

为了在本质特征上定量说明水中无机阳离子混凝剂浓度与胶体稳定性的关系,提出了一种新的研究混凝过程胶体电荷变化的本质参数－流动电流。研究了无机阳离子混凝剂的性质和家度与电动特性参数之间的一般规律及等电点特征,考察了以ＳＣ表征混凝剂对水中胶体颗粒物作用的特性与效能,从而提出了一种研究混凝和在线监测水中胶体电荷对于混凝剂投加量变化的有效方法。     

Spatiotemporal optical properties of dissolved organic matter in a sluice-controlled coastal plain river with both salinity and trophic gradients

Due to the combined effect of sluices and sea tide, the sluice-controlled coastal plain river would be characterized by both trophic state and salinity gradients, affecting the spatiotemporal optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation of water quality parameters and optical properties of DOM in the Haihe River, a representative sluice-controlled coastal plain river in Tianjin, China. A significant salinity gradient and four trophic states were observed in the water body of the Haihe River. Two humic- and one protein-like substances were identified from the DOM by the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra combined with the parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the salinity significantly affected the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) but did not cause significant changes in the fluorescence optical characteristics. In addition, the effect of Trophic state index (TSI) on the CDOM abundance was greater than that on the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). In the water body with both salinity and trophic state gradients, TSI posed a greater influence than salinity on the CDOM abundance. Our results fill the research gap in spatiotemporal DOM characteristics and water quality variation in water bodies with both salinity and trophic state gradients. These results are beneficial for clarifying the joint influence of saline intrusion and sluices on the DOM characteristics and water quality in sluice-controlled coastal plain rivers.     

A novel driver hazard perception sensitivity model based on drivers’ characteristics: A simulator study

Objective: Considering the high annual number of fatal driving accidents in Iran, any approach for reducing the number or severity of driving accidents is a positive step toward decreasing accident-related losses. Accidents can often be avoided by a timely reaction of the driver. One of the steps before reacting to a hazard is perception. Some driver characteristics may affect road hazard perception. In this research, it was assumed that various driver characteristics, including demographic characteristics and cognitive characteristics, have an impact on driver perception.

Methods: The driving simulator used in this research provides various scenarios; for example, passing a pedestrian or animal across the road or placing fixed objects in a 2-lane separated rural road for 2 groups of experienced and inexperienced drivers under day and night lighting conditions. The go/no-go test was carried out in order to assess drivers’ attention to driving tasks and inhibitory control. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to estimate the relation between driver characteristics and sensitivity to road hazard perception. A new hazard perception index was proposed based on the time intervals in the hazard vulnerability.

Results: The results show that the most effective variables in the analysis of sensitivity to hazard perception are driving experience (in kilometers) during the last 3 years and road lighting conditions. Moreover, hazard perception sensitivity was improved by better inhibitory control, selective attention, and decision making, more carefulness, the average amount of daily sleep, and marital status.

Conclusion: The results of this research may be useful in educating and advertising programs. It also could enhance sensitivity to perception of hazards such as pedestrians, animals, and fixed obstacles among young and novice drivers.