江西金家坞金矿地质特征

通过地质大调查项目和资补费项目的地质工作,发现和评价了金家坞金矿。现有资料表明金家坞金矿具有大型以上规模的资源潜力。对初查、详查以及局部勘探工作中所获的地质资料作了归纳,对地质特征进行了探讨,旨在展开讨论并对在江西北部双桥山群中寻找同类矿床起到一定的指导作用。     

京津冀区域沙尘暴和群发性强沙尘暴特征分析

利用京津冀区域内102个气象站1954～2002年观测资料,分析了此区域沙尘暴和群发性强沙尘暴的变化特征.结果表明:京津冀区域绝大部分地区是沙尘暴主要影响区,冀北高原是此区域的易发区和多发区.沙尘暴发生时间具有明显的日变化特征和季节差异,沙尘暴呈现整体减少趋势,各分区变化趋势具有相似性,只是在减少幅度上略有不同.近50年此区域共出现了39例群发性强沙尘暴,冀北高原和定州、饶阳一带是此区域群发性强沙尘暴天气的多发区.多发季节为春季(3～5月),占全年总数的76.9%,尤以4月份最多,占全年总数的51.3%.群发性强沙尘暴年代际变化呈现总体减少趋势,其发生次数、覆盖面积均以90年代为最低值.     

甘肃永登雹云回波群体特性分析

本文用711测雨雷达实测的冰雹云过程回波资料,分析了大小回波在雹暴形成中的演变过程以及回波强度和回波高度间的关系.结果表明永登防雹试验区回波覆盖面积比最大频数时为3.64%,平均为7%,回波块数最大频数为6块,平均为6块;回波覆盖面积比与雹日的月际变化呈正相关,回波块数与雹日的月际变化呈负相关;回波厚度在识别雹云中有重要意义.     

顺层滑坡的发育环境及分布特征

顺层坡是山区铁路、公路和水利水电工程建设中常见的一类斜坡，也是极易失稳滑动的一类斜坡，其稳定性及其影响因素一直是工程技术人员关心的问题。在现场勘测和调查的基础上，对涪陵市至酉阳县龙潭镇渝怀铁路沿线顺层滑坡的发育环境及其分布特征进行了系统的统计分析，结果表明：岩层中的软弱夹层、构造变动时形成的层间错动面及因河流切割而形成的有效临空面是顺层滑坡发育的基本条件；暴雨是斜坡滑动的重要诱发因素；滑坡发育程度随坡高的增大而增大，随岩层走向与斜坡临空面走向间夹角的增大而减小，同时具有凸形坡大于直线坡而直线坡大于凹形坡的规律。     

辽宁酷热日的天气气候分析

利用统计方法对辽宁1951-2003年的酷热天气进行了分析,发现辽宁的酷热天气主要出现在辽西地区;酷热天气在5-7月均可出现,主要集中在7月;无明显的年际变化.中纬度东-西高压带是造成辽宁酷热天气的主要天气形势;其次是西风带暖高压,在850hPa温度场上,辽宁西部在24℃暖中心之内有很好的指示意义.     

共基质条件下TNT降解菌的选育及其处理效果

选取SBR弹药销毁废水处理系统中的活性污泥作为菌源,在共基质条件下,经过驯化和筛选,分离出11株可降解TNT的单菌,从中选出生长速度较快的3株菌JT1,JT2,JT3进行了单菌及混菌降解能力测试,结果表明:混合菌JTH降解能力最强,其适宜环境条件为25℃～30℃,pH7.5～9.0,基质中添加2g/L葡萄糖可显著增强混菌JTH生长并可使24h内的TNT降解率达到96 1%;模拟废水的处理实验表明:混菌JTH对COD的去除率>80%,TNT降解率80%～90%;生物强化实验表明:以0.1的菌量污泥比在SBR系统中投加混合菌可使系统的出水COD稳定在100mg/L左右,出水TNT浓度<5mg/L。     

Watershed Management and Organizational Dynamics: Nationwide Findings and Regional Variation

Recent attention has focused on resource management initiatives at the watershed scale with emphasis on collaborative, locally driven, and decentralized institutional arrangements. Existing literature on limited selections of well-established watershed-based organizations has provided valuable insights. The current research extends this focus by including a broad survey of watershed organizations from across the United States as a means to estimate a national portrait. Organizational characteristics include year of formation, membership size and composition, budget, guiding principles, and mechanisms of decision-making. These characteristics and the issue concerns of organizations are expected to vary with respect to location. Because this research focuses on organizations that are place based and stakeholder driven, the forces driving them are expected to differ across regions of the country. On this basis of location, we suggest basic elements for a regional assessment of watershed organizations to channel future research and to better approximate the organizational dynamics, issue concerns, and information needs unique to organizations across the country. At the broadest level, the identification of regional patterns or organizational similarities may facilitate the linkage among organizations to coordinate their actions at the much broader river basin or ecosystem scale.     

青海高原地震重灾区的灾害特点及成因探析

本文运用1950～2003年53年间青海高原地震主发区5.0级以上(包括5.0级)地震资料分析了该区地震灾害的特点.提出本研究区地震灾害具有频发性和轮回性、重灾轮回的时间周期长、强震的毁坏性大、以及强余震灾害连发而损害程度严重等特点,并认为青藏高原整体地壳构造运动和本区断裂构造十分发育(特别是北西西-北西向弧形断裂的发育)是该区地震灾害重发的主要原因.     

The Ecological and Environmental Characteristics and Conservation of the Wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China

The natural wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary, China are important ecologically. The total area of the wetlands in the Changjiang Estuary amounts to 215000 ha. The wetlands consist of littoral and sandy estuarine island areas, and are rich in biological resources. There are 136 species of vascular plant, 150 species of bird, and 68 species of benthic macro-invertebrate in the wetlands. However, the wetland in the Changjiang Estuary is a vulnerable ecosystem. Development of the wetland is mainly influenced by intensive human reclamation, pollution, movement of sediments in the Changjiang River, and the effects of tides and waves. Investigations have shown that maintaining biodiversity, providing resources for the living organisms, purifying environments and resisting natural hazards could be regarded as important functions for the protection of the wetlands. It is proposed that sustainable principles should be supported in developing the wetlands in the future.     

关于中国塔里木河流域若干问题的辨识

塔里木河流域的水量及水质变化 ,生态环境质量的优劣 ,生态需水量的估算、整治目标的确定等问题 ,一直是该流域资源环境和社会经济的核心问题。对其近 40年来水文观测资料的时间序列进行分析 ,三源流区的水资源量逐年递增 2× 1 0 7m3,但干流上游阿拉尔来水量每年递减 3× 1 0 7m3。水质的劣变特征亦较明显。通过构建生态脆弱性指数 ,定量评价流域生态环境质量表明 ,干流下游已属于生态环境严重受损区。用潜水蒸发和定额法的原理估算植被耗水 ,提出了维护干流区生态环境在不同目标年的生态需水量。认为应当在水资源承载力和环境容量的阈限内 ,合理确定科学的保护方案