Using machine learning to disentangle homonyms in large text corpora

Systematic reviews are an increasingly popular decision‐making tool that provides an unbiased summary of evidence to support conservation action. These reviews bridge the gap between researchers and managers by presenting a comprehensive overview of all studies relating to a particular topic and identify specifically where and under which conditions an effect is present. However, several technical challenges can severely hinder the feasibility and applicability of systematic reviews, for example, homonyms (terms that share spelling but differ in meaning). Homonyms add noise to search results and cannot be easily identified or removed. We developed a semiautomated approach that can aid in the classification of homonyms among narratives. We used a combination of automated content analysis and artificial neural networks to quickly and accurately sift through large corpora of academic texts and classify them to distinct topics. As an example, we explored the use of the word reintroduction in academic texts. Reintroduction is used within the conservation context to indicate the release of organisms to their former native habitat; however, a Web of Science search for this word returned thousands of publications in which the term has other meanings and contexts. Using our method, we automatically classified a sample of 3000 of these publications with over 99% accuracy, relative to a manual classification. Our approach can be used easily with other homonyms and can greatly facilitate systematic reviews or similar work in which homonyms hinder the harnessing of large text corpora. Beyond homonyms we see great promise in combining automated content analysis and machine‐learning methods to handle and screen big data for relevant information in conservation science.     

In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of roundup (glyphosate) in L-02 hepatocytes

The goal of the present study was to elucidate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Roundup and to reveal the possible related mechanisms in L-02 hepatocytes. By detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH)/superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) open rate, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release, intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, and alanine aminotransferease (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) leakage, we determined that Roundup induced anti-oxidant system inhibition, mitochondria damage, DNA damage, membrane integrity and permeability changes, and apoptosis in L-02 hepatocytes. By revealing the mechanistic insights of Roundup-induced cytotoxicity, our results are valuable for the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies for the occupational population exposed to Roundup and other pesticides.     

CO_2在哌嗪水溶液中的吸收和再生特性研究

利用压力釜在100⁵00 kPa 压力和303500 kPa 压力和303³23K温度下,研究了 2.0323K温度下,研究了 2.0 4.9的哌嗪水溶液对二氧化碳的平衡吸收量,测试了温度和浓度对平衡吸收量的影响。co2的平衡吸收量随着浓度的增加而增加。313 K的操作温度既能保证较高的吸收量,又能保证较快的吸收速率,因此是合适的操作温度。对3.5M的PZ水溶液,在温度为368 4.9的哌嗪水溶液对二氧化碳的平衡吸收量,测试了温度和浓度对平衡吸收量的影响。co2的平衡吸收量随着浓度的增加而增加。313 K的操作温度既能保证较高的吸收量,又能保证较快的吸收速率,因此是合适的操作温度。对3.5M的PZ水溶液,在温度为368³83K的条件下进行再生。温度为368 K时,再生效率为82.13%,再生过程需 55 min,而升温至383 K后再生效率大幅提升至 95.98%,再生时间迅速降为41 min。考虑到再生的时间、效率及能耗等因素,在 378 K下进行再生相对适宜。在373K 的操作温度下进行多次再生实验,PZ 水溶液经过10个周期的实验后9.76%,吸收容量与新鲜溶液相比只损失了并且只降低了1.0个pH,这也说明,PZ水溶液再生效率及连续再生能力较为突出。     

喷消石灰脱除垃圾焚烧炉尾气中HC1和SO2的试验研究

在日处理200t进口流化床垃圾焚烧炉上，进行烟气喷水降温加上喷消石灰粉末胶除尾气中的酸性气体HC1和SO2的试验研究，HC1和SO2浓度由布袋除尘器出口的在线气体分析仪测得，结果表明HC1和SO2的去除率在Ca/C1摩尔比等于9时分别在80%和20%，说明该法消石灰利用率较低，宜改为半干法脱除HC1和SO2酸性气体以便降低吸收剂用量，提高运行的经济性。     

电化学方法用于酸性红B模拟废水脱色试验研究

本文研究了两种电极材料 (SnO2 Ti和RuO2 Ti)对酸性红B模拟废水的脱色效果 ,考察了不同 pH、电流密度(j)及外加电解质 (Na2 SO4/NaCl)对处理过程的影响。结果表明 ,两种电极材料都能对酸性红B染料废水进行有效脱色 ,主要是Cl-在电解过程中的间接氧化作用 ,同时也包括电极表面的直接氧化作用。     

碳捕获与封存（CCS）发展前景

对国内外碳捕获与封存的发展现状、争论焦点、发展瓶颈以及未来前景进行分析。碳捕获与封存技术的应用和推广可以有效地缓解全球变暖带来的不利影响,为构建低碳经济和可持续发展提供了一个不错的选择。然而世界各国由于在认识差异、经济背景、国内立法、利益相关者博弈等多种背景影响下,碳捕获与封存的发展前景仍不是特别明朗,各国在技术领先和商业利益之间的竞争还存在很多变数。     

TiO2/Ti转盘液膜反应器光电催化处理罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/Ti电极,X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,TiO2主要为锐钛矿,晶粒尺寸约为46 nm.以TiO2/Ti电极作阳极,Cu电极作阴极,组装成转盘液膜反应器,考察了其光电催化处理染料罗丹明B(RhB)的影响因素(转盘转速、偏压、溶液初始pH、RhB初始浓度和电解质浓度).得到最佳处理条件为:转盘转速90 r/min,偏压0.4V,溶液初始pH2.5,电解质(硫酸钠)质量浓度0.5 g/L.在最佳处理条件下,处理20 mg/L RhB染料废水90 min的脱色率和总有机碳(TOC)去除率分别达到97.2％和72.7％.结果表明,由于同时强化了激发光源的利用率和溶液的传质效率,TiO2/Ti转盘液膜反应器可高效光电催化处理染料废水.     

聚乙烯醇在超临界水氧化中降解

以H2O2为氧化剂用间歇式超临界水氧化装置对聚乙烯醇(PVA)废水进行降解研究。通过正交实验,考察了反应温度、压力、时间及氧化剂过氧倍数对降解效果的影响,并且采用GC/MS对液相降解产物进行表征推测其可能降解途径。结果表明:PVA在SCWO体系中能完全降解,反应温度440℃、压力28 MPa、氧化剂过氧倍数4、反应40 min时,COD去除率为99.03%,出水COD=89.09 mg/L。PVA在SCWO体系中降解为烯烃、烯酮、醇和羧酸类中间产物、最终降解为小分子的饱和直链烷烃类液相产物。     

Linking empirical estimates of body burden of environmental chemicals and wellness using NHANES data

Biomonitoring of industrial chemicals in human tissues and fluids has shown that all people carry a “body burden” of synthetic chemicals. Although measurement of an environmental chemical in a person's tissues/fluids is an indication of exposure, it does not necessarily mean the exposure concentration is sufficient to cause an adverse effect. Since humans are exposed to multiple chemicals, there may be a combination effect (e.g., additive, synergistic) associated with low-level exposures to multiple classes of contaminants, which may impact a variety of organ systems. The objective of this research is to link measures of body burden of environmental chemicals and a “holistic” measure of wellness. The approach is demonstrated using biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Forty-two chemicals were selected for analysis based on their detection levels. Six biological pathway-specific indices were evaluated using groups of chemicals associated with each pathway. Five of the six pathways were negatively associated with wellness. Three non-zero interaction terms were detected which may provide empirical evidence of crosstalk across pathways. The approach identified five of the 42 chemicals from a variety of classes (metals, pesticides, furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) as accounting for 71% of the weight linking body burden to wellness. Significant interactions were detected indicating the effect of smoking is exacerbated by body burden of environmental chemicals. Use of a holistic index on both sides of the exposure-health equation is a novel and promising empirical “systems biology” approach to risk evaluation of complex environmental exposures.     

光催化电化学联合降解水中苯酚的研究

采用电化学、光催化联合工艺降解水中苯酚,在对其降解机理、反应动力学进行分析的基础上,考察了电解质浓度、电流密度及溶液pH等控制因素对降解速率的影响。实验结果表明：电化学和光催化同时作用时,产生了协同作用;以氯化钠为电解质可增强协同作用;光电联合工艺降解苯酚符合准一级反应动力学;弱酸性环境有利于降解反应的进行。在电流密度...