量子点-Cu2+对L02细胞的联合毒性及NAC的防护作用

以人胚肝细胞(L02)为研究对象,通过研究量子点及Cu2+ (低毒浓度)联合对细胞存活率的影响以及细胞形态的变化确认细胞的毒性,结合抗氧化剂NAC的防护效果探讨复合毒性的氧化损伤机理.结果表明,无论单独Cu2+还是量子点-Cu2+处理组,L02细胞的增殖能力均受到抑制,量子点-Cu2+处理组表现出更加显著的抑制效果,相对与单独Cu2+处理组细胞存活率最大下降300%.经过NAC预处理的细胞在形态和存活率上都显著恢复.说明了安全浓度范围的量子点的与Cu2+共存提高了细胞毒性风险,NAC能够防护量子点与Cu2+单独或联合引起的氧化损伤.     

Second german heavy-metal survey by means of mosses,and comparison of the first and second approach in germany and other european countries

This paper shows the geographic distribution in Germany of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) analyzed in mosses in 1995/96 and compares it with the results of the 1990/91 pilot study within a European moss-monitoring programme. Other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ti, V, Zn) are compared on basis of the overall element medians for Germany of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 survey. Samples of Pleurozium schreberi, Scleropodium purum, Hypnum cupressiforme and Hylocomium splendens were taken at a total of 1026 sites. In the 1995/96 monitoring campaign, 95% of the original sites of the 1990/91 study were resampled. The results from 1995/96 display local elevated values and many cases of areas affected by known sources of heavy-metal emissions. The industrialized and urban regions of Germany are shown up clearly by the 1995/96 moss-monitoring results: the Ruhr area, parts of Saarland and Baden-Württemberg, as well as areas in eastern Germany. Relatively low values for many elements were found in large areas of Lower Saxony and Bavaria. A comparison of the results of the 1990/91 and 1995/96 moss-monitoring programmes shows a fall in the concentration of the presented elements (except cadmium, copper and zinc) over the relevant period. Especially in the former GDR, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) decreased significantly. This is, firstly, a reflection of the closure of and/or technological improvements to large power plants; secondly it is due to the fact that lignite has given way to other fuels. Vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), typical constituents of crude oil, also show a decrease in the western part and thus document changes in the type of fuel consumed. The significant fall in lead concentration in 1995/96 as compared to 1990/91 in what used to be East and West Germany probably results from the increasing use of lead-free petrol. A comparison of the median values for 1990/91 and 1995/96 in mosses to the rate of emission of heavy metals in Germany for 1990 and 1995 shows similar trends in the case of elements such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The comparison of the medians of the elements analyzed for 19 European countries indicates for most of the elements a general tendency to lower values in 1995, except for Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Italy and United Kingdom.     

Ti(IV)与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石薄膜弱紫外光杀菌研究

采用共沉淀水热合成和离子交换的方法,制备了钛与铜离子共掺杂的羟基磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2:HAP)(HAPTiCu),以大肠杆菌为目标物,研究了不同材料负载的多孔镍网薄膜在弱紫外光下的杀菌活性.结果表明,HAPTiCu在弱紫外光下具有高效杀菌效率,并远远高于HAPTi和P25TiO2薄膜.这主要是铜离子的抗菌与光催化分解细菌的协同作用的结果.电子自旋共振(ESR)研究表明杀菌反应的主要活性物种是O-2·.HAPTiCu薄膜释放的铜离子在光催化杀菌反应过程中,被光催化还原沉积在表面,导致了较低的铜离子溶出,从而保证了材料的稳定性.     

废旧锂离子二次电池回收有价金属工艺研究

本文对从废旧锂离子二次电池中回收有价金属的工艺进行了研究。采用解体分选出塑料外壳、铜铁连接件、石墨负极和正极；采用碱浸－酸溶－净化－沉钴工艺回收政极废料中的铝和钴。LiCoO2在硫酸、双氧水体系中的分解反应为：2LiCoO2 3H2SO4 H2O2→Li2SO4 2CoSO4 4H2O O2↑。用硫酸中和碱浸液中的铝，制取化学纯氢氧化铝，回收率为94．89％；以草酸钴的形式回收钴，产品达到Q／GGHO1－89标准，直收率94．23％。     

响应面法分析Ti/TiO2电极光电催化富里酸的过程

利用响应面分析法对影响Ti/TiO2电极光电催化降解富里酸的主要因素进行了探讨.通过Design-Expert 5软件可得到1个二次响应曲面模型.结果表明,最佳的pH值、K2S2O8投加量和偏电压分别为3.8、88.40mg/L、0.88V,此时富里酸的去除率达到最大(57.06%).方差分析表明,模型具有较高的回归率(R2=97.54%),与实验结果吻合程度较高.     

我国土壤中钛,锆,铪和钽的环境背景值及分布规律

在大量土壤样品分析数据的基础上,讨论了钛、锆、铪和钽在不同土类和地区的环境背景值的分布趋势和主要影响因素.     

Ti/RuO2-IrO2电极电化学方法降解溶液中TBBPA及其降解机理探究

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是世界上产量和用量最大的溴代阻燃剂之一,在河流、底泥及污水中持久存在,严重威胁环境和人体健康.探讨了阳极为Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2电极的电化学法对溶液中TBBPA的降解效率,并考察了电流密度(5~20 m A·cm~(-2))、初始pH值(3~11)、极板间距(1~3 cm)及电解质浓度(1~40 mmol·L~(-1))对降解速率的影响.研究结果表明,TBBPA的降解遵循一级动力学方程,在溶液初始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1)、电流密度为10 mA·cm~(-2)、电解质浓度为5 mmol·L~(-1)及极板间距为1 cm的条件下,60 min后TBBPA的降解率可达97.2%,且降解速率常数和半衰期分别为0.060 min~(-1)和11.6 min,能量消耗为105.3 k Wh·m~(-3).同时运用HPLC-MS/MS检测出中间产物双酚A(BPA)和2-溴苯酚,并推断其降解途径主要为在羟基自由基(·OH)作用下连续的脱溴过程中,苯环与异丙基之间的C—C键断裂生成BPA和2-溴苯酚.电化学法是一种高效的、有潜力的降解难降解有机污染物的方法,本文将为今后实际废污水中TBBPA的去除提供基础数据和技术参数.     

采用Ti/PbO2阳极氧化进行污泥预处理的研究

提高市政污泥脱水性能是当前污泥预处理中的热点和难点.本文以毛细吸水时间(CST)作为衡量污泥预处理中脱水性能的指标,选用钛/二氧化铅网状极板为阴、阳电极,研究了电解电压、极板间距、电解质种类及电解质投加量等因素对电化学预处理市政污泥的影响.结果表明,电压对污泥脱水性能影响较大,在电压为20 V、极板间距为2 cm、电解质为0.6 g Na Cl的条件下,电化学处理市政污泥20 min效果最佳,污泥的CST下降率在90%以上.进一步探究表明,电解过程中污泥菌胶团结构首先被破坏,释放大量结合水,且菌胶团内的蛋白质和多聚糖释放到上清液中,二者浓度先升高;随后二者部分氧化分解,浓度降低,从而有效提高市政污泥脱水性能.     

改性钛基PbO2电极对有机污染物的降解性能——以甲基橙和4-硝基苯酚为例

采用溶胶-凝胶法和电化学沉积法制备了Ti/SnO₂-Sb/Ce-PbO₂电极,并对制备的电极表面形貌、晶体结构和电化学性能进行了分析,进一步探究了该电极对甲基橙和4-硝基苯酚的降解效果.结果表明,由Ce改性的Ti/SnO₂-Sb/Ce-PbO₂电极具有稳定的结构和更好的电化学活性,析氧电位可达1.56V.在电极间距为2cm,电流密度为30mA/cm²,目标污染物的浓度为100mg/L,电解质浓度为0.10mol/L时,作用120min后,Ti/SnO₂-Sb/Ce-PbO₂电极对甲基橙和4-硝基苯酚的降解率分别达到了99.59%和96.16%,180min后TOC的去除率分别达到了56.71%和54.87%,研究结果为该电极降解有机污染物提供了一定的技术支撑.     

An experimental test of alternative population augmentation scenarios

Human land use is fragmenting habitats worldwide and inhibiting dispersal among previously connected populations of organisms, often leading to inbreeding depression and reduced evolutionary potential in the face of rapid environmental change. To combat this augmentation of isolated populations with immigrants is sometimes used to facilitate demographic and genetic rescue. Augmentation with immigrants that are genetically and adaptively similar to the target population effectively increases population fitness, but if immigrants are very genetically or adaptively divergent, augmentation can lead to outbreeding depression. Despite well‐cited guidelines for the best practice selection of immigrant sources, often only highly divergent populations remain, and experimental tests of these riskier augmentation scenarios are essentially nonexistent. We conducted a mesocosm experiment with Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to test the multigenerational demographic and genetic effects of augmenting 2 target populations with 3 types of divergent immigrants. We found no evidence of demographic rescue, but we did observe genetic rescue in one population. Divergent immigrant treatments tended to maintain greater genetic diversity, abundance, and hybrid fitness than controls that received immigrants from the source used to seed the mesocosms. In the second population, divergent immigrants had a slightly negative effect in one treatment, and the benefits of augmentation were less apparent overall, likely because this population started with higher genetic diversity and a lower reproductive rate that limited genetic admixture. Our results add to a growing consensus that gene flow can increase population fitness even when immigrants are more highly divergent and may help reduce uncertainty about the use of augmentation in conservation.