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81.
Soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr at Kaiga region, India
James JP Dileep BN Ravi PM Joshi RM Ajith TL Hegde AG Sarkar PK 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(12):1070-1077
Transfer factors are the most important parameters required for mathematical modeling used for environmental impact assessment of radioactive contamination in the environment. In this paper soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, 137Cs and 90Sr is estimated for Kaiga region in Karnataka state, India. Among the plants in which study is carried out, 226Ra, 40K, 137Cs and 90Sr activity in leaves of herbaceous plants is higher than that of tree leaves. Soil to leaf transfer factor for 226Ra, 40K, 137Cs and 90Sr was found to be in the range of 0.03-0.65, 0.32-8.04, 0.05-3.03 and 0.42-2.67 respectively. 相似文献
82.
Radim Hédl Petr Pet?íkKarel Boublík 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2586-2593
Soil acidification was assessed in the Eastern Sudetes Mountains (Czech Republic) between 1941 and 2003, i.e. before and after the period of major industrial pollution (1950s-1990s). The twenty sites included in our study were distributed along a gradient of altitude ranging 1000 m. Values of pH have decreased in 80-90% of the pairs of samples after the six decades, on average by 0.7 for pH-H2O and 0.6 for pH-KCl. Organic matter increased in the topsoil, probably reflecting a change in decomposition conditions. The most important finding is that the acidification varies along the joint gradient of altitude/tree layer composition, and displays a changing pattern in three soil horizons (A, B and C). Contrary to expectations, most acidified were soils in beech forests at lower elevations. 相似文献
83.
Climate Warming and the Recent Treeline Shift in the European Alps: The Role of Geomorphological Factors in High-Altitude Sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Global warming and the stronger regional temperature trends recently recorded over the European Alps have triggered several
biological and physical dynamics in high-altitude environments. We defined the present treeline altitude in three valleys
of a region in the western Italian Alps and reconstructed the past treeline position for the last three centuries in a nearly
undisturbed site by means of a dendrochronological approach. We found that the treeline altitude in this region is mainly
controlled by human impacts and geomorphological factors. The reconstruction of the altitudinal dynamics at the study site
reveals that the treeline shifted upwards of 115 m over the period 1901–2000, reaching the altitude of 2505 m in 2000 and
2515 m in 2008. The recent treeline shift and the acceleration of tree colonization rates in the alpine belt can be mainly
ascribed to the climatic input. However, we point out the increasing role of geomorphological factors in controlling the future
treeline position and colonization patterns in high mountains. 相似文献
84.
Jean-Philippe SR Franklin JA Buckley DS Hughes K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2733-2739
The Oak Ridge Reservation, established in 1942, was the designated site for the construction of the atomic bomb. During a 20-year period from 1944 to 1963 radioactive and toxic chemical pollutants, especially mercury compounds were released into the surrounding waterways. Tree diversity and mycorrhizal presence and abundance were analyzed in the mercury-contaminated floodplains of East Fork Poplar Creek Oak Ridge (EFPC) (Tennessee). A subsequent greenhouse study was conducted to assess the phytotoxic effects of different mercuric solutions on Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore), inoculated with soils from EFPC. Total soil mercury in the field had no effect on tree diversity. Organic species of mercury proved to be more toxic than inorganic species of mercury and soil inoculants from EFPC had no protective effects against Hg toxicity in our greenhouse study. Comparison of the effects of mercury contamination in our field and greenhouse studies was difficult due to uncontrolled factors. 相似文献
85.
In this study the influence of environmental conditions, most likely prevailing in filter beds used for intermittently discharged pollutant streams such as landfill leachate and storm water, on the stability of the heavy metal-filter complex was investigated for 2 filter materials; non-treated and urea treated pine bark, using leaching experiments. The metal-filter complex stability was higher for urea treated than for non-treated pine bark and dependent on the metal adsorbed. The type of environmental condition applied was of less importance for the extent of leaching. 相似文献
86.
Pacheco AM Freitas MC Baptista MS Vasconcelos MT Cabral JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):326-333
Samples of Platanus hybrida Brot. bark and Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale thalli, from a clean area in northern Portugal (Bai?o), were transplanted into an exposure location at the south-western Atlantic coast, impacted by urban-industrial emissions (Sines), for a 10-month long experiment. Bark pieces were confined into nylon bags (2-mm mesh), and lichen thalli kept with their bark substrate (Pinus pinaster (Ait.) Sol.). Every two months, a double set of transplants (one for bark, one for lichens) was brought back into the laboratory, together with native samples of Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. Following suitable cleansing and preparation procedures, field samples were put through INAA for elemental assessment. The results indicate that, regardless of signal magnitude, (1) concentrations in bark and lichen transplants are significantly correlated with atmospheric deposition for an appreciable number of elements; (2) there are a number of significant correlations between transplanted and native samples, and again between the latter and the deposition; and (3) the elements with biological patterns that follow the deposition in either transplanted or native samples (Co, V) are the very ones whose bioaccumulation seems to benefit from an alternation of wet-dry periods, which fits the precipitation record of the test site during the exposure term. 相似文献
87.
The current mercury concentrations in moss Hypnum cupressiforme, in forest floor humus and in oak and pine bark were determined in a 10-km radius around a chlor-alkali plant affected by a flood in 2002. Similar distribution patterns of Hg had accumulated in four bio-indicators, irrespective of different Hg concentrations in the analysed biological matrices. No accumulation of extremely Hg-contaminated materials was found in the flooded parts. The bio-indicators, used alone or in combination, can be recommended for effective and reliable determination of Hg contamination levels around Hg sources. 相似文献
88.
Maiti SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):111-122
Major environmental impacts of opencast mining are degradation of landscape and aesthetics of the area by creating huge overburden
dumps and deep voids at the mining sites. These overburden dumps are characterised by high rock fragment contents, low moisture
retention capacity, higher bulk density, low nutrients, lower pH and elevated metal concentrations. Overburden dumps are reclaimed
by tree species for stabilising as well as pollution control and overall improvement of the visual aesthetics. A field study
was carried out in the old reclaimed coal mine overburden dumps at KD Heslong project, Central Coalfields, India to study
the physico-chemical changes in the reclaimed overburden dumps and determines the magnitude of trace elements accumulation
in the planted tree species. Total, bioavailable and acid extractable trace metals concentration in minesoils of overburden
dump and topsoil in the mining areas was compared with undisturbed soil. The study showed that tree plantation improves the
moisture contents, bulk density, pH and overall nutrient contents of minesoils. The study revealed that lower pH in the minesoils
increases the bioavailabity of metals but concentration were found within toxic limits. However, ratio between total and bioavailable
metals was found lower in overburden dumps than topsoil due to low pH and lack of organic matter. Out of six tree species
studied, Bambusa shows highest accumulation of Fe and Cr. Bioaccumulation coefficient for Cr and Zn was found 74 times in Bambusa and 83 times in Dalbergia sissoo. The results of the study underscore the need for close monitoring of trace elements in reclaimed overburden dumps. Tree
species like Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus, Cassia seamea, Acaccia mangium and Peltaphorum were found to be the best species for bioreclamation of overburden dumps. 相似文献
89.
Tree and stand growth of mature Norway spruce and European beech under long-term ozone fumigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hans Pretzsch Jochen Dieler Philip Wipfler 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(4):1061-1070
In a 50- to 70-year-old mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Germany, tree cohorts have been exposed to double ambient ozone (2×O3) from 2000 through 2007 and can be compared with trees in the same stand under the ambient ozone regime (1×O3). Annual diameter growth, allocation pattern, stem form, and stem volume were quantified at the individual tree and stand level. Ozone fumigation induced a shift in the resource allocation into height growth at the expense of diameter growth. This change in allometry leads to rather cone-shaped stem forms and reduced stem stability in the case of spruce, and even neiloidal stem shapes in the case of beech. Neglect of such ozone-induced changes in stem shape may lead to a flawed estimation of volume growth. On the stand level, 2×O3 caused, on average, a decrease of 10.2 m3 ha−1 yr−1 in European beech. 相似文献
90.
Jonathan D. Maul Lance J. Schuler Michael J. Lydy 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2725-2732
Quantifying polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in nestlings of avian species is a common method for assessing trophic transfer and risk at PCB-contaminated sites. The proportion of nestling PCB mass due to maternal transfer is often accounted for by subtracting total PCB mass in eggs from nestlings. However, variation in physicochemical properties and metabolism among congeners may lead to differences between egg contribution based on total PCBs and dioxin-like congeners. We examined congener-specific variation in contribution of PCBs from eggs to nestlings in tree swallows and European starlings. Egg contribution of total PCB mass was 14.3 and 16.2%, respectively, whereas contribution based on dioxin-like congeners was 14.8 and 13.6%, respectively. These data suggest that using total PCB mass in eggs to adjust estimates of PCB accumulation in nestlings may not reflect patterns for dioxin-like congeners, potentially over or under-estimating the risk of toxicity of PCBs. 相似文献