广州市大气TSP浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系

利用实地监测大气TSP浓度和局地气象数据,研究了2005年至2006年广州市不同功能区大气TSP浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,工业区大气TSP月平均浓度0.273mg/m3最高,显著高于交通繁忙区的0.207mg/m3;极显著高于商业区的0.180mg/m3、社区的0.155mg/m3和对照郊区的0.142mg/m3。研究显示,广州市大气TSP污染仍然比较严重。广州市大气TSP浓度与降雨呈现负相关性,与温度呈极显著的负相关性,与相对湿度呈显著的负相关性,与风速呈负相关性,与风向的相关性不明显。各功能区大气TSP浓度与局地气象因子也存在类似的规律。     

产业转移对肇庆市水资源承载力的影响研究

随着区域合作的不断深入,互补性产业转移和产业承接日益成为区域内经济合作的热点和重点,但产业转移过程中不可避免地存在着一定程度的污染转移。正确评价区域发展的承载力,对于协调区域资源与国民经济发展的关系具有重要意义。应用因子分析法对肇庆市2003年的水资源承载力进行分析,结果表明：影响肇庆市水资源承栽力的主要的三个因子分别是水资源开发利用水平、水体纳污能力和自来水工程供水能力。肇庆市承接产业转移工业园后的水资源承载力变化情况表明产业转移政策在促进当地经济发展的同时,对大部分地区水环境所造成的影响是可接受的。     

新疆博斯腾湖重金属污染的沉积记录

通过测定柱芯沉积物中重金属含量,分析了新疆博斯腾湖重金属污染水平、来源及其变化趋势。结果表明,博斯腾湖西岸Pb、Zn和Cu的地质积累指数均小于0.5,污染较轻,主要来源于自然源。西南小湖区重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Co污染较轻,主要来源于岩石风化等地球化学过程;重金属Pb和Cd污染中等,主要来源于农业活动中磷酸盐肥料的使用,1960 s以来增加显著,近年来呈明显的上升趋势。     

煤泥水絮凝沉降性能影响因素试验研究

以上清液浊度和沉降面高度作为表征煤泥水沉降性能指标,利用正交试验设计软件--Design Expert software设计研究了粘土类型、pH值、絮凝剂用量、水质硬度和煤变质程度五个因素对煤泥水静态澄清效果的影响.结果表明:粘土类型是影响絮凝效果最显著的影响因素,在相同条件下,含高岭石的煤泥水比含蒙脱石的煤泥水上清液浊度大,而沉降面高度小.pH值越大,上清液浊度越小,但沉降面高度越高;絮凝剂用量对两个指标影响都不显著,其值越大,上清液浊度越小,沉降面高度越大;提高水质硬度有利于降低上清液浊度和沉降面高度,但影响不显著;煤变质程度对两种指标都没有影响.     

污水处理新技术-同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮机理及影响因素分析

同步硝化反硝化(SND)是目前国内外污水脱氮技术研究领域的新热点.基于其高效低能耗特性,从宏观环境理论、微环境理论和生物学理论方面探讨同步硝化反硝化的脱氮机理,分析有机碳源、溶解氧、活性污泥絮体结构和pH值等因素对同步硝化反硝化所产生的影响.提出有待进一步解决的问题及深入研究的技术,从而达到节能降耗并提高工艺稳定性的目的.     

机动车细微/超细颗粒物数浓度排放因子隧道实测研究

选取澳洲城市某公交车专用隧道连续4dSMPS监测颗粒物数据,并根据隧道内交通、风速实测数据,计算出隧道内机动车排放各粒径范围细微/超细颗粒物数浓度单车排放因子,并根据每10min间隔的柴油/CNG公交车混合比,采用最小二乘法得出两种车型的综合排放因子2.61×1014个.辆-1.km-1.通过多元回归分析计算颗粒物粒径谱排放因子发现,柴油公交车主要排放积聚态颗粒物;CNG公交车主要排放核模态颗粒物,柴油公交车和CNG公交车总颗粒物排放因子分别为3.96×1014个.辆-1.km-1和9.33×1013个.辆-1.km-1.     

林线树种太白红杉碳储量估算

林线对气候变化十分敏感,有关环境如何影响林线植被碳储量分布的研究鲜见报道.采用野外调查、遥感影像解译和生物量模型计算相结合的方法,对秦岭主峰太白山林线树种——太白红杉(Larix chinensis)碳储量、碳密度及其分布进行了估算.结果表明:太白红杉林总碳储量为5.290×105 t,其中南坡碳储量为1.765×105 t,北坡碳储量为3.525×105 t,南北坡碳储量分布不均与太白红杉分布面积和海拔有很大的关系;太白红杉林碳密度为0～17.40 kg/m2,平均值为(7.65±4.15)kg/m2,与年均温度呈正相关,与海拔和年降水量呈负相关,温度是影响太白红杉林碳密度的关键因素.     

Pre- and post-hatch trophic egg production in the subsocial burrower bug, Canthophorus niveimarginatus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

In recent years, three terrestrial bugs, Adomerus triguttulus and Sehirus cinctus (Cydnidae) and the closely related Parastrachia japonensis (Parastrachiidae), have been the focus of several fascinating studies because of the remarkable, extensive parental care they were found to display. This care includes egg and nymph guarding, production of trophic eggs, unfertilized, low cost eggs that are used as food by newly hatched nymphs, and progressive provisioning of the host seed. In this study, we have investigated yet a third related Asian cydnid, Canthophorus niveimarginatus, with regard to the possible occurrence of some or all of these complex traits in order to assess how widespread these maternal investment patterns are in this group of insects and to better understand the implications of their manifestations from an evolutionary context. Manipulative experiments were carried out in the lab to determine whether females provision nests. Observational and egg removal studies were carried out to determine whether trophic eggs are produced, and, if they are, their possible impact on nymphal success. The findings revealed that C. niveimarginatus does, in fact, progressively provision young, and this species also displays all of the other behaviors associated with extended parental care in subsocial insects. Moreover, unlike the other two related species, which place trophic eggs on the surface of the original egg mass, C. niveimarginatus produces both pre- and post-hatch trophic eggs. Nymphs deprived of access to post-hatch trophic eggs had significantly lower body weight and survival rate than those that fed on them. To our knowledge, this is the first time the production of both pre- and post-hatch trophic eggs has been demonstrated in insects outside the Hymenoptera. In this paper, we qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the provisioning behavior and patterns of trophic egg production in C. niveimarginatus. When and how trophic eggs are produced and delivered to young should have important correlations with the ecological and life history constraints under which a species has evolved. Thus, we also discuss the possible ecological and life history factors that favor the evolution of post-hatch trophic eggs.     

哈尔滨市大气气相中多环芳烃的研究

在哈尔滨地区8个采样点同时安装了PUF大气被动采样器,研究了该地区2007年春季(1月末~4月末)大气气相中多环芳烃的含量和分布特征.结果表明,PUF大气被动采样器主要采集了大气气相中三环和四环的多环芳烃,占总量的91.22%~96.37%,PAHs的浓度具有明显的功能区差异,依次为:市区(356.49 ng/d),郊区(162.65 ng/d),农村(278.35 ng/d),偏远地区(183.99 ng/d),市区大气中多环芳烃的浓度是农村的2倍,偏远地区的3倍.污染源是影响大气中多环芳烃含量高低的主要因素,通过特征分子含量比值法对该地区大气中多环芳烃的来源进行了初步研究,结果表明,哈尔滨地区城市大气中多环芳烃主要来自于燃煤,农村大气中的多环芳烃主要来自于农作物秸秆的燃烧.利用毒性当量因子法对该地区大气气相中多环芳烃的健康风险进行了评价,具有与浓度分布类似的功能区差异,表明市区和农村地区大气中PAHs对于人们的健康存在较大潜在威胁.通过安装平行采样器,PUF被动采样器具有很好的重现性,研究表明,可以用于城市尺度多个采样点大气中多环芳烃的同时研究.