基于GPRS网络的环境自动监控数据传输系统的设计

分析了江苏省环境自动监控系统数据传输的现状，提出了一种基于GPKS网络的环境自动监控数据传输系统，并进行了详细的设计。     

两株产电菌电子介体介导的胞外电子传递机理研究

构建了Klebsiella oxytoca d7和Shewanella sp.F1 2种纯菌燃料电池，探究了产电菌在产电过程中电子介体传递电子机制.结果表明：K.oxytoca d7只有作产电呼吸时，才会产生电子介体，而Shewanella. sp.F1在好氧呼吸、厌氧呼吸、产电呼吸下均能产生介电体，说明电子介体的产生与产电菌种类有关.两种菌介电体氧化还原电位相当（-250，210mV），且介于呼吸链NADH和辅酶Q之间.其介电体在胞内呼吸链上截获的电子均源于NADH，说明电子“逸出”位点只取决于介电体本身.K.oxytoca d7在碳源充足和不足时，电子介体产电量分别占总电量的60%和41%；Shewanella. sp.F1分别是57%和50%，说明在碳源充足时，2种菌的产电呼吸都以电子介体机制为主.介电体传递电子过程直接影响了阳极底物的转化和燃料电池的产电性能.     

Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H2O2

It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H₂ O₂ by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H₂O₂ using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments.     

The effects of component dimensions on heat transfer and pressure loss in shell and tube heat exchangers

In this study, the effects of geometric properties such as baffle spacing, baffle cut, sealing strips, gaps between heat exchanger components, number of tubes and tube passes have been investigated for shell and tube heat exchangers (STHE). For this purpose, geometrical dimensions and data of a specific heat exchanger (HE) used in an industrial application have been obtained. The HTRI Xchanger Suite Educational software was utilized to analyze the reference HE, to verify the results of the software and the output temperatures of the fluids, the shell side heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and the pressure loss (PL) values were compared with the experimental data. After confirming that the results of the software were within the acceptable deviation values, the geometric dimensions of the reference design were changed and new analyzes were carried out to examine the effects of several dimension options on the performance of STHE. Results were discussed in a detailed and comprehensive manner via curves.     

抗生素和纳米银对大肠杆菌耐药性的联合效应

以大肠杆菌（E.coli）为模式生物,研究了磺胺类抗生素（SAs）和纳米银（AgNPs）在单一或联合作用下对RP4质粒接合转移效应及E.coli突变效应的影响,并对联合作用方式进行了判别,基于分子对接技术和线性回归分析,探讨了两种效应的机制及其与毒性效应的关系.结果表明,在较低浓度范围内,所测12种SAs以及AgNPs在单一或联合暴露下对接合转移和突变均有促进作用,12组SAs-AgNPs混合物对接合转移频率促进率峰值的最大值和最小值分别为105.32%和46.96%,对突变体促进率峰值的最大值和最小值分别为1410.25%和238.38%.此外,SAs和AgNPs联合暴露对RP4质粒接合转移效应主要表现为协同作用,对E.coli突变效应主要表现为拮抗作用,且接合转移效应、突变效应与毒性效应之间具有良好的相关性.     

某电子方舱舱内热环境的模拟研究

目的以某电子方舱为研究对象,分析在现有结构条件下,空调所提供的冷量能否满足舱内电子设备正常工作要求和人员舒适要求。方法分析和研究舱内的传热问题,采用FLUENT软件,并结合κ-ε两方程紊流模型与SIMPLE算法对方舱内的热环境进行三维数值模拟。结果在保证空调送风温度和速度不变的前提下,送风角度分别为30°和0°时,都能基本保证电子设备正常工作要求和舒适性要求。当送风角度为30°时,方舱降温效果较好。结论通过分析得到方舱制冷系统设计的不足之处,并提出了改进制冷系统冷气通路的方法,对今后方舱的制冷系统设计改进具有指导意义。     

中国风机制造技术转移模式与技术进步效果评价

根据技术转移过程中技术受方的性质,将中国风机制造技术转移分为"外商独资企业"、"中外合资企业"和"中资企业"三种模式.通过技术转移的层次、技术先进程度、技术转移的规模、技术转移的速度,对三种模式下技术转移的效果进行了评价.研究发现,通过技术转移,中国风机制造技术有了迅速的发展,但落后于国际先进水平的情况仍没有改变.中资企业的技术转移模式在转移技术的层次、技术转移规模和技术转移速度上,都要优于外商独资企业和中外合资企业模式,对中国风机制造技术进步的作用更大.在此基础上,本文提出,在中资企业模式下,在引进技术的同时,积极消化吸收,并重视与外国企业开展联合研发,才能最终获得创新能力.这也应当成为中国政府激励政策作用的重点.     

Which forcing factors fit? Using ecosystem models to investigate the relative influence of fishing and changes in primary productivity on the dynamics of marine ecosystems

Fishing mortality and primary production (or proxy for) were used to drive the dynamics of fish assemblages in 9 trophodynamic models of contrasting marine ecosystems. Historical trends in abundance were reconstructed by fitting model predictions to observations from stock assessments and fisheries independent survey data. The model fitting exercise derives values for otherwise unknown parameters that specify the relative strength of trophic interactions and, in some instances, a time series anomaly for changes in primary production. We measured how much better or worse were model predictions when bottom-up forcing by primary production were added to top-down forcing by fishing. Searching for cross system patterns, the relative contribution of fishing and changes in primary production, mediated through trophic interactions, are evaluated for the ecosystems as a whole and for selected similar species in different ecosystems. The analysis provides a simple qualitative way to explain which forcing factors have most influence on modeled dynamics. Both fishing and primary production forcing were required to obtain the best model fits to data. Fishing effects more strongly influenced 6 of 9 of the ecosystems, but primary production was more often found to be the main factor influencing the selected pelagic and demersal fish stock trends. Examination of sensitivity to ecological and model parameters suggests that the results are the product of complex food-web interactions rather than simple deterministic responses of the models.     

哈大齐工业走廊承接产业转移水环境风险评价

为了分析承接产业转移对水环境的影响,以哈大齐工业走廊为研究对象,在分析风险源、胁迫因子、生境、评价终点之间相互作用关系的基础上构建承接产业转移的水环境相对风险评价模型,并将研究区按照行政界线划分为3个风险评价单元,选取哈大齐地区重点承接的污染产业为风险源,选择水域作为风险受体,农田、林地、草地3种生境作为传播胁迫因子的媒介或载体,水质、水量、水生态为评价终点,对哈大齐承接产业转移水环境风险进行了定量评价.结果表明,哈尔滨市为最高风险区,其次是大庆市、齐齐哈尔市,相对风险分别为146.40、110.70和41.16.不同风险小区的最主要风险源不同,哈大齐3个城市主要风险源分别为医药制造业、化学原料与化学制品制造业及食品制造业.相反,各风险小区的主要胁迫因子大致相同,主要有需氧有机污染物、营养物质、生境破坏等.     

三峡水库水环境中内分泌干扰物TBT的多介质迁移和归趋模拟

运用环境多介质QWASI等量浓度模型模拟了三峡水库水环境中内分泌干扰物TBT在各环境介质中的浓度分布及迁移归趋,同时讨论了三峡水库运行方式对库区水环境中TBT环境行为的影响.结果表明,QWASI模型能够较为合理地给出各个物理化学过程的速率参数,可对TBT在三峡水库这种超大型河道型水库中跨介质间的迁移传输、各环境相分布等作出定性和定量的模拟估计,模型输出结果与实测结果较为吻合.研究表明,三峡水库的运行方式对TBT在库区水环境中沉积物和水相间的迁移转化有重要影响.