钠钙交换体对心肌保护作用的研究进展

心肌钠钙交换体是引起胞内钙超载的重要原因.简要综述了钠钙交换体的的结构特征、生理功能、病理作用以及在心肌保护方面的研究新进展.NCX反向转运的激活可能是心肌缺血预适应产生心脏保护作用的机制之一.     

纳米铁系材料与反硝化细菌复合去除地下水硝酸盐氮研究

采用不同液相还原法制备了纳米Fe、纳米Fe/Ni和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe粒子,并将其与反硝化细菌复合应用于地下水中硝酸盐氮的去除研究中.分别考察了不同纳米铁系材料与反硝化细菌复合体系去除硝酸盐氮的反应速率及对脱氮产物生成的影响.同时,从核糖核酸(RNA)水平考察了不同纳米铁系材料对反硝化细菌的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe/Ni复合体系脱氮速率最快,6d内对硝酸盐氮的去除率可达到100%,最终产物主要为氨氮,占体系总氮的69%;而纳米Fe和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe复合体系9d可将硝酸盐氮100%去除,氨氮的转化率分别为52%和16%.另外,从反应前后反硝化细菌总RNA浓度的变化情况看,纳米Fe/Ni复合体系、纳米Fe复合体系和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe复合体系的反硝化细菌总RNA浓度分别降低了93%、40%和34%,可见3种纳米铁系材料对反硝化细菌毒性大小顺序为:纳米Fe/Ni纳米Fe油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe.     

纳米催化剂Pd/SnO_2的制备及催化还原硝酸盐反应的调控

采用热分解法制备了SnO2载体,并用浸渍法制备了Pd/SnO2催化剂.同时,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及BET比表面积仪等对所制载体和催化剂材料进行了分析表征.结果表明,热分解法和浸渍法都能够获得纳米材料,SnO2及Pd/SnO2的粒径均在9～10nm左右,比表面积分别达到144.99m·2g-1和147.36m·2g-1.在以甲酸为还原剂的Pd/SnO2催化还原硝酸盐体系中,在Pd与SnO2负载比为2%～7%,反应温度为20～50℃和甲酸投加量4.0～24.0mmol·L-1的条件下,催化活性为0.70～9.48mg·min-·1g-1,且催化活性随着负载比、温度和甲酸投加量的增大而增大,随着pH的升高先升后降,最佳pH为3.反应温度升高及pH降低都能够提高Pd/SnO2的选择性.甲酸-Pd/SnO2催化还原硝酸盐体系中还原反应的调控策略为:反应温度宜控制在40～50℃内,这样可同时获得较高的催化活性和选择性,温度过高对催化活性和选择性影响很小,温度过低则会同时降低催化活性和选择性;控制pH为3时,可以获得最大的催化活性及较好的选择性,pH升高会降低Pd/SnO2的催化活性和选择性,pH降低会导致催化活性迅速降低,但对选择性影响不大;甲酸与硝酸盐的物质的量比宜大于4:1,此时可以有效地抑制pH的上升,同时获得较高的催化活性和选择性,甲酸与硝酸盐的物质的量比小于4:1时,会同时降低Pd/SnO2的催化活性和选择性.     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8) Ce_(0.2) Cu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) (x:0–0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ with oxygen vacancies and T -structured Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO 3.702 catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr -1 , and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO 3.702 NdSrCu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 3.736 NdSrCu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 3.789 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 4.187 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 4.104 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 CuO 4.045 , in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu 3+ /Cu 2+ redox ability of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

Catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water

Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe(NO3) 3·9H2O and Co(NO3) 2·6H2O as the precursors,and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid(2,4-DP) ,nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation eciency during the degradation of each organic pollutant,and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism.The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance.In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP,the apparent reaction rate constants(k) were determined to be 1.456×10-2 min-1 for ozonation alone and 4.740×10-2 min-1 for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3.And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger Rct(6.614×10-9) calculated by the relative method than O3 did(1.800×10-9) ,showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical.Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid.The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.     

Variations between rice cultivars in iron and manganese plaque on roots and the relation with plant cadmium uptake

To understand certain mechanisms causing variations between rice cultivars with regard to cadmium uptake and tolerance, pot soil experiments were conducted with two rice cultivars of di erent genotypes under di erent soil Cd levels. The relationships between plant Cd uptake and iron/manganese (Fe/Mn) plaque formation on roots were investigated. The results showed that rice cultivars di ered markedly in Cd uptake and tolerance. Under soil Cd treatments, Cd concentrations and accumulations in the cultivar Shanyou 63 (the genotype indica) were significantly higher than those in the cultivar Wuyunjing 7 (the genotype japonica) (P < 0.01, or P < 0.05), and Shanyou 63 was more sensitive to Cd toxicity than Wuyunjing 7. The di erences between the rice cultivars were the largest at relatively low soil Cd level (i.e., 10 mg/kg). Fe concentrations in dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate root extracts of Shanyou 63 were generally lower than that of Wuyunjing 7, and the di erence was the most significant under the treatment of 10 mg Cd/kg soil. The results indicated that the formation of iron plaque on rice roots could act as a barrier to soil Cd toxicity, and may be a “bu er” or a “reservoir” which could reduce Cd uptake into rice roots. And the plaque may contribute, to some extent, to the genotypic di erences of rice cultivars in Cd uptake and tolerance.     

Iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

The catalysts of iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO 2(Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2) prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3.It was found that the NO conversion over Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 was obviously improved after iron doping compared with that over Mn-Ce/TiO 2.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 with the molar ratio of Fe/Ti = 0.1 exhibited the highest activity.The results showed that 96.8% NO conversion was obtained over Fe(0.1)-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 at 180°C at a space velocity of 50,000 hr 1.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 exhibited much higher resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 than that of Mn-Ce/TiO 2.The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),N 2 adsorption,temperature programmed desorption(NH 3-TPD and NOx-TPD),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques.BET,NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD results showed that the specific surface area and NH3 and NOx adsorption capacity of the catalysts increased with iron doping.It was known from XPS analysis that iron valence state on the surface of the catalysts were in Fe3+ state.The doping of iron enhanced the dispersion and oxidation state of Mn and Ce on the surface of the catalysts.The oxygen concentrations on the surface of the catalysts were found to increase after iron doping.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO2 represented a promising catalyst for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 in the presence of H2 O and SO2.     

Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water by UPLC-MS/MS

The method for detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was improved by optimizing the clean-up procedure to remove the matrix interference in pretreatment process, and was then applied to a survey of NDMA in both raw and finished water samples from five water treatment plants in South China. The NDMA concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 15.1 ng/L in raw water samples, and from 4.68 to 46.9 ng/L in finished water. The NDMA concentration in raw water was found to be related with nitrite concentration, and during the treatment, the NDMA concentration increased following ozonation but decreased after subsequent activated carbon treatment.     

泥水预分离MBR膜污染缓减效能研究

通过长期运行实验,进行了泥水预分离膜生物反应器（sludge/water pre-separation membrane bioreactor, S/W-MBR）与传统淹没式膜生物反应器（submerged membrane bioreactor, SMBR）对比研究,考察了污泥浓度、胞外聚合物含量（extracellular polymeric substances, EPS）及过膜阻力（trans-membrane pressure, TMP）随运行时间的变化规律及其对膜污染的缓减作用.结果表明,S/W-MBR与SMBR生物区的污泥浓度基本一致,而S/W-MBR膜区的污泥浓度较SMBR有显著降低.两者生物区的EPS含量均随运行时间的延长而增加,而S/W-MBR膜区的单位质量污泥的EPS含量始终保持在15 mg/g左右的较低水平.S/W-MBR比SMBR具有更好的缓减膜污染能力,在近90d的连续运行过程中,前者的膜组件仅需清洗2次,后者的膜组件清洗了5次.     

不同光源下TiO_2/ACF同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

实验室制备了负载型二氧化钛光催化剂TiO2/ACF,利用自行设计的光催化反应器,在紫外和可见2种光源下进行了同时脱硫脱硝试验,确定了最佳的试验条件,比较了2种不同光源下的脱除效率.结果表明,烟气中氧含量、反应温度、烟气含湿量、光照强度等是影响光催化的主要因素,在紫外光源的照射下,负载型TiO2/ACF光催化剂脱除SO2和NO的效率分别达到99.7%和64.3%,在可见光源的照射下,负载型TiO2/ACF光催化剂脱除SO2和NO的效率分别达到97.5%和49.6%, 5次平行试验结果表明,平行数据的标准偏差S较小.通过反应后吸收液的离子色谱分析,推测了2种不同光源下同时脱硫脱硝的反应机制.