Siting landfills and incinerators in areas of historic unpopularity: Surveying the views of the next generation

The Campania Region in Southern Italy has suffered many problems with municipal solid waste management since the mid-1990s, leading to significant public disturbances and subsequent media coverage. This paper reports on the current views and knowledge of young people (university students) in this region about waste management operations and facilities, specifically the siting of landfills and incinerators. By means of a structured questionnaire, opinion and knowledge were systematically examined by degree type and course year. The study took place in 2011 at the University of Salerno campus. A sample of 900 students, comprising 100 students for each of the nine considered faculties, and 20 students for every academic course year, was randomly selected. Only about a quarter of respondents were not opposed to the siting of a landfill or an incinerator in their city. This clearly highlights that historic opposition to the construction of waste facilities is difficult to overcome and that distrust for previous poor management or indiscretions is long-lived and transcends generations. Students from technical faculties expressed the most reasonable opinion; opinion and knowledge were statistically related (Chi-square test, p < 0.05) to the attended faculty, and the knowledge grew linearly with progression through the university. This suggests that awareness of waste management practices develops with experience and understanding of environmental issues. There is general acceptance that many stakeholders – technicians, politicians and citizens – all have to be part of the decision process when siting a new waste management facility. The opinions of the young respondents were significantly influenced by their level of environmental knowledge.     

中国南极长城站室内空气微生物状况

空气微生物是空气洁净程度的重要指标、环境污染状况的真实反映[1] .十年来 ,位于南极半岛的中国长城站常年有考察队员居住和工作 ,尤其在南极之夏 ,不时有各国考察、旅游、观光者出入 .这些都给长城站空气微生物的变化带入了外来因素[2 ] .我们于 1994年 2月 ,随机对站上 19个室内测点作空气微生物考察 ,以监测和比较室内空气微生物含量状况 ,为进一步了解空气微生物的卫生学意义 ,并服务于提高南极考察队员的身体素质 ,加深对南极生态系统的理解而提供一些资料 .1　材料与方法1 .1　测点1994年 2月份分 6天对 19个室内空间作了 2 0次测定 …     

花溪区思雅河水质分析与评价

在花溪区思雅河大学城段布设10个采样点,监测pH值、温度(T)、悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、总磷(TP)和细菌总数(TPC)等指标,并采用单因子指数法、综合指数法和模糊综合法3种方法对水质进行评价。结果表明:河流主要污染指标为COD,且增势最明显,TPC和NH_3-N测定值的RSD均超过1,比其他指标变异程度更大;COD和TPC春冬季测定值高于夏秋季,NH_3-N测定值秋季最低,TP季节变化不明显,而冬季测定值较其他季节更稳定;思雅河大学城段水质较差,上游水质等级为Ⅳ类,中下游为劣Ⅴ类,主要污染源自农业和高校生活用水;3种方法中,模糊综合法更适用于小流域河流水质的定性定量评价,评价结果更加科学合理。     

辽宁省移动通信基站电磁辐射污染状况分析

通过对辽宁省移动通信基站的调查 ,对全省移动通讯基站的监测和分析从环保角度指出了基站建设中存在的主要矛盾 ,明确其对周围环境可能造成的影响 ,提出了今后基站建设中应注意的问题     

我国铁路危险货物办理站安全分析与对策

危险货物运输的源头是危险货物办理站 ,研究危险货物办理站的安全管理及存在的问题 ,具有现实意义和社会影响 ,对铁路行车安全和危货安全承运及保管至关重要。笔者通过实践和调查 ,阐述了目前我国铁路危险货物办理站安全运输中存在的主要问题 ,指出了危险货物办理站现有问题产生的原因 ,并提出了我国危险货物办理站问题解决的对策。     

潘口水电站移民安置区土地流转补偿标准研究

兴修大中型水利水电工程不可避免地要征收大量农田,造成大量移民非自愿性搬迁.我国实行开发性移民的方针,强调农村移民主要采取农业安置的策略.然而,移民的迁入势必会对安置区居民的土地权益带来负面的影响.因此,根据"卡尔多-希克斯"社会福利改进标准,要实现安置区土地向移民转移过程的社会福利改进,需要对利益受损的安置区集体和居民给予相应的补偿以弥补其福利损失.本文以湖北省竹山县潘口水电站为例,在对竹山县溢水镇、宝丰镇两个乡(镇)5个移民安置点的73户安置区居民进行问卷调查的基础上,运用条件价值法(CVM)对安置区土地流转的补偿标准进行了实证研究,研究结果表明:潘口水电站移民安置区土地流转补偿执行标准均未达到农地实际价值的一半,水田的补偿程度为49.54%.旱地的补偿程度为为44.54%,安置区集体和居民没有获得充分的补偿,因此,需要提高安置区土地流转补偿标准,使安置区居民也能和移民一样地分享到水利水电工程带来的增值收益.     

Mineral content of drinking water in lowland papua

This study presents concentration of nine minerals (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb) in 31 drinking water samples collected in the Papua New Guinea lowland, where coastal villagers draw water from artificial wells blended with sea water, riverside villagers utilize brackish river water, and inland villagers fetch creek or swamp water whose chemical composition is close to rain water. During the dry season, the coastal well water contains 500 mgL⁻¹ of sodium and 50–90 μgL⁻¹ of lead. The inland creek or swamp water contains very small amount of minerals; on the average, for instance, 0.64 mgL⁻¹ of magnesium, 0.84 mgL⁻¹ of calcium, and 4.78 mgL⁻¹ of water hardness (as CaCO₃). From some epidemiological evidence in industrialized countries, these mineral concentrations are judged to be indicative of high risk of cardiovascular disorders.     

深化车机联控保障行车安全

论述了铁路行车安全车机联控的认识、基本做法和明显效果，提出了深化车机联控的建议。     

Residential mobility and personal well-being

This research examines the relationship between personal mobility rate (number of lifetime moves/respondent's age) and health status. A contextual analysis is proposed in which the health consequences of relocation depend not only on the immediate circumstances surrounding a move, but also on the broader context of the individual's residential history, current life situation, and aspirations for the future. Two hundred and forty-two adult employees completed an initial survey of lifetime residential history, current residential desirability, employment experience, and perceived housing options for the future. Three months later, a panel group of 121 respondents completed a follow-up survey of emotional and physical well-being. Frequent relocation was directly associated with a greater number of illness-related symptoms, but the impact of mobility rate was largely mediated by psychological factors. Health problems were more prevalent among high-mobility individuals characterized by low rather than high levels of environmental exploratory tendency; among low-mobility persons reporting low versus high levels of residential choice and congruence; and among low residential-quality individuals who perceived future residential options to be unavailable rather than available.     

Mapping sediment contamination and toxicity in Winter Quarters Bay,McMurdo Station,Antarctica

Winter Quarters Bay (WQB) is a small embayment located adjacent to McMurdo Station, the largest researchbase in Antarctica. The bay is approximately 250 m wide andlong, with a maximum depth of 33 m. Historically, trashfrom the McMurdo Station was piled on the steep shoreline ofWQB, doused with fuel and ignited. That practice hasceased, and the adjacent land area has been regraded tocover the residual waste. The bottom of WQB remainslittered with drums, equipment, tanks, tires, cables, andother objects, especially the southeastern side of the baywhere dumping took place. Sediments are contaminated withPCBs, metals, and hydrocarbon fuels. The objectives of this study were to map the distributionof organic contaminants in WQB, assess the toxicity of WQB sediments using a simple microbial test, anddetermine correlations between toxicity and contaminantlevels. The study suggests that adverse ecological effectshave occurred from one or more of the contaminants found inWQB but the source of the toxic impacts to bay sedimentsremains unknown. Whole sediment toxicity was onlycorrelated with oil-equivalent while solvent extracts ofsediments were correlated with PAHs and oil-equivalent. Theauthors recommend that an integrated research plan bedeveloped that focuses on determining what additionalinformation is needed to make informed decisions on possibleremediation of WQB.