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51.
52.
粮食安全视角下的土地资源优化配置及其关键问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
土地资源优化配置是提高土地资源利用效率、缓解土地用途冲突、促进人地和谐发展的重要手段。当前中国土地资源优化配置研究在理论探索与实践应用方面均取得积极进展,但面对土地利用急剧变化、土地管理效率低下及生态系统退化等现实问题,传统的以“数量—空间耦合”为核心的优化配置方式已难以满足当前人类追求美好生活的需求和国土空间可持续发展的目标要求。与此同时,全球粮食安全正面临一系列严峻挑战,土地资源优化配置将直接影响并作用于粮食生产与经济发展之间的冲突协调过程。改革开放以来,南京大学立足和服务于国家战略需求与重点区域发展(长三角及沿海地区),以保障资源安全与粮食安全目标为导向,围绕土地资源优化配置开展了大量研究和实践,主要集中在耕地利用格局优化、耕地集约利用转型、耕地保护与利用规划、土地利用与城乡规划、国土整治与农用地管理、土地利用制度创新、土地经济政策优化等特色研究领域,充分发挥地理学与管理学交叉学科优势,为国家土地资源优化与可持续利用的学科发展和制度创新做出了积极贡献。综上,通过系统梳理土地资源优化配置相关研究进展,总结归纳中国土地资源配置的关键问题,进一步在回顾南京大学学术贡献的基础上提出粮食安全视角下的中国土地资源优化配置面临的机遇与挑战,试图为可持续土地利用优化提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
53.
Kendall J. Bryant 《Journal of environmental psychology》1984,4(1):43-60
Two perspectives in the analysis of pointing and mapping tasks as the measure of representations of the large-scale environment are examined. These two perspectives are: (1) an individual difference approach; and (2) a cognitive representational approach. Convergence between methods assessing the same geographical/spatial knowledge is necessary as evidence for the existence of unified cognitive-spatial representations of the environment.Three sets of analyses interrelate performance on pointing and mapping tasks. In the first analysis, a confirmatory factor analytic model is applied to short tests of pointing and mapping accuracy to determine whether one or two factors are needed to account for covariation between the tests. In the second analysis, covariation among errors in pointing and mapping of specific locations is partitioned into general and specific method factors using the Schmid-Leiman procedure. In the third analysis, pointing errors for identical locations within the mapping and pointing tasks are directly compared on the basis of directional errors.The three analyses indicate that: (1) tests of pointing and mapping measure highly related abilities; (2) the targets used in pointing and mapping tasks are of differential importance in identifying general and specific method factors; and (3) there is little or no direct correspondence between directional errors made in pointing tasks and those occurring in mapping tasks for the same locations.When results of the three analyses are examined in relationship to criteria for convergence of pointing and mapping tasks, little evidence is found to suggest that directional errors in these tasks arise from a unified mental representation of the geographical environment. However, substantial predictable individual differences are apparent for both tasks. 相似文献
54.
东京大学“环境三四郎”是以探讨环境问题为主题的大学生组织。作者通过参与该组织的各项活动,结合调研其成立十七年以来的活动轨迹,分析总结各时期的活动特点后发现,不断创新,积极进取的组织活动模式是“环境三四郎”发展壮大的原动力,也是树立良好社会形象的基础。它们的做法及经验,值得我国高校学生组织学习和借鉴。 相似文献
55.
Guangrong Sun Chuanyi Zhang Wei Li Limei Yuan Shilong He Liping Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):1
56.
57.
何云玲 《长江流域资源与环境》2009,18(1):66
漫湾水电站是澜沧江水能梯级开发的第一个干流大型水电站,加强库区水土流失治理与监督监测尤为必要,而降雨侵蚀力的时空分布规律研究则是实现区域土壤侵蚀定量监测预报的重要基础。根据有关降雨侵蚀力的计算方法,利用漫湾电站库区4个测站1980~2000年的逐月平均降雨资料,估算了其降雨侵蚀力R值的时空分布规律及其变化特征。结果表明:漫湾电站库区多年平均降雨侵蚀力在1 9336~3 9727 MJ·mm/hm2·h;R值的年内变化显著,且较大值集中分布在雨季的5月~10月,平均R值占全年的867%,尤其6~8月连续3个月的降雨侵蚀力平均占全年侵蚀力的一半以上;R值的年际变化显示20世纪90年代漫湾电站库区降雨侵蚀力比80年代平均增加2835 MJ·mm/hm2·h;R值的空间分布上以凤庆站点的年降雨侵蚀力最大;南涧站点的年降雨侵蚀力最小,但是其年际波动幅度较大。全面地分析了漫湾电站库区降雨侵蚀力R值的时空变化特征,为该地区有效防止与监测水土流失情况、更好地安置水电站工程移民提供参考。 相似文献
58.
在湖州地震台现有的形变、测震、流体三大学科的观测资料基础上,对汶川8.0级地震中的映震效应综合研究,得出了水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪,这两套仪器的NS、EW两个分项,在同一个观测环境中,仪器记录的同一个地震,精度高的分量,振幅不一定大;钻孔应变仪和伸缩仪、水位、水温仪安装不同的地点,两个观测点直线距离大约五公里,从记录资料上看,两者反映地下介质变化是一致的;地形观测资料的映震效应初始时间基本和p波到时同步,流体观测资料的映震效应初始时间基本和S波到时同步。 相似文献
59.
Previous research on territoriality suggests that territorial intrusion is associated with particular territorial demarcations. In the present study the use of territorial displays involving symbolic barriers, actual barriers, detectability, traces and social climate is related to the territorial intrusion of residential burglary. The five classes of territorial displays were assessed for a total of 306 burglarized houses on burglarized blocks, non-burglarized houses on burglarized blocks, and non-burglarized houses on non-burglarized blocks. After the data were reduced through factor analysis, multiple regression analysis revealed that burglarized houses differed from non-burglarized houses on non-burglarized blocks on four of the five classes of territorial displays. In general, burglarized houses had salient public territorial qualities: cues of openness and unoccupied appearance. In contrast, the non-burglarized houses had salient secondary or primary territorial qualities: territorial markers communicating privacy and individuality. In addition, non-burglarized houses had greater visual contact with neighboring houses. 相似文献
60.
Geoffrey Wandesforde-Smith Iara Verocai Dias Moreira 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》1985,5(3):223-238
EIA has been instituted in developing countries in the last decade largely in response to outside pressures. Governments have been quick to initiate reforms rather than jeopardize projects that might be key to national development plans. At the subnational level, most projects are not financed by foreign aid. The application of EIA at this level is often the result of pressure exerted on policy elites by the bureaucracy. This paper describes the reorganization of environmental protection agencies in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. This reorganization provided the setting for a bureaucratic initiative on EIA. The authors also analyze two cases in which EIA was applied unsatisfactorily and comment on the political realites of implementing EIA at the subnational level. 相似文献