北京和上海居民旧衣物回收再利用体系建设初探

北京和上海在迈向国际化大都市进程中,随着人口的迅速增长,生活垃圾产生量与日俱增,垃圾减量从源头做起。旧衣物作为可回收、可再利用资源,现有的垃圾分类标准和回收箱的设置,不利于旧衣物的回收和再利用。目前,北京和上海在政府的支持和推动下,设专项开展旧衣物回收试点工作,已取得良好的效果。未来,如何使北京和上海旧衣物回收再利用成为一种常态,仍需政府的支持和全社会的共同参与。     

海安地电台极区金属管道干扰的测试和分析

1999年 6月 5～ 8日海安地震台地电N6 0°E测向为ρs 值异常升幅 2 % ,而N30°W、N70°W两测向 ρs 值均处于正常年变化形态。经勘查、测试分析 ,确定为新埋设的地下自来水金属管道干扰所致。     

青岛北站规划区原场地表层土壤重金属污染研究

污染程度确定及健康风险评价是重金属污染场地修复的前提.调查了青岛北站规划区Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni这6种重金属含量,并对重金属含量进行相关性分析;以人为影响倍数来表征污染物超过背景值的程度,采用地质累积指数法以及内梅罗指数中嵌入Igeo综合指数的新方法对土壤污染状况进行评价;最后利用健康风险评价模型对重金属含量进行人体健康风险评价.结果表明,规划区土壤均有不同程度的重金属污染,6种重金属污染程度依次为:Cd>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn,其中Cd达到了严重污染的程度,Cu、Ni次之,Cr、Pb、Zn污染轻微;各元素总体平均变异程度为Cd>Ni>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu;研究区内土壤各重金属分布特征不尽相同,但总体上差异不大.土壤重金属非致癌风险大小为Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd>Zn,均小于风险阈值1;致癌风险Ni>Cd,均低于致癌风险阈值,各重金属污染不会对人体健康造成威胁.     

The prediction of scenic beauty from landscape content and composition

Two studies were conducted to examine distance classes of vegetation (foreground, middleground and background) and scene composition (presence of vegetation in left, center or right section of the image) as predictors of perceived scenic beauty. In study one, 41 students rated 63 landscape scenes with regard to scenic beauty. The Scenic Beauty Estimation Method was used to derive interval scale beauty values (SBEs). For each landscape image, areal measures of vegetation in each distance class and for each vertical section were taken and used as predictors. Presence of haze, clouds and human impacts were also recorded. Among the most important contributors to scenic beauty were amount of center middleground vegetation, and center background vegetation. Left foreground vegetation and right foreground vegetation were found to have significant and opposing regression weight signs—negative for the left and positive for the right. Study two was conducted to determine whether these opposing regression weight signs for foreground vegetation were due to a perceptual right-left bias or to some specific content in the image itself. In the second study, the photographic slides used to present landscape scenes to subjects were reversed so that the content which was previously on the right was now left, and vice versa. Thirty-nine students rated the reversed slides with regard to their scenic beauty. The signs of the regression weights in study two shifted such that left foreground was now positively valued and right foreground was negatively valued. This finding suggests that viewers are sensitive to foreground content and its placement in the image, and not simply to one side of the field of vision.     

县级环境监测站建设的几点思考

县级环境监测站是环境保护工作中三支生力军之一，但其一直被机构残缺、经费紧张、管理体制不配套、职能未被确认、服务能力差等问题所困绕，本文对这些问题的成因进行了分析，并简要提出了解决的措施和对策。     

Avian Community Response to Lowland Tropical Rainforest Isolation: 40 Years of Change at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica

Abstract:  Since 1960, most of the forest surrounding the La Selva Biological Station, an intensively studied tropical research facility in Costa Rica, has been converted to agricultural uses. We used quantitative censuses and analysis of previously published categorical abundances to assess changes in the bird community, and we evaluated potential causes of species-specific changes by assessing their association with habitat, diet, participation in mixed-species flocks, and nest type. Approximately the same percentage of species increased as decreased in abundance from 1960 to 1999 (10–20% of all species, depending on method of assessment). Diet was the single most important trait associated with declining species. At least 50% of the species that declined have insectivorous diets. Use of forest habitat and participation in mixed-species flocks were also significant factors associated with declines, but nest type was unrelated to change in abundance. The species that increased in abundance tended to occur in open habitats and have omnivorous diets. These results reinforce the importance of several population risk factors associated with tropical understory insectivory and mixed-species flocking: patchy spatial distribution, low population density, large home range, and dietary specialization. La Selva's protected area (1611 ha), despite a forested connection on one boundary with a higher elevation national park, is apparently too small to maintain at least one major guild (understory insectivores). This first quantitative assessment of bird community change at La Selva highlights the need to intensify study of the mechanisms and consequences of biological diversity change in tropical forest fragments.     

GRADUATE EDUCATION IN WATER RESOURCES: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH Part II: Post-Production Techniques1

ABSTRACT: The production of a documentary video in a graduate seminar offers advantages over the traditional term paper. These advantages derive from the nature of the videotape medium. The most distinct difference between a written document and a video production is the use of the video camera to record events. In using the camera, the student is required to become involved both in front of the video camera, for example, as an interviewer, and behind the camera as a camera operator. Next, as an editor, the student is required to review the events that she/he has taped for inclusion in the final product. By participating in these three roles, the student has the opportunity to learn interviewing skills while interacting with professionals in the field, to learn videotaping skills, and to see him/herself as he/she appears to others. The student can use the video feedback to improve his/her professional presentation; posture, dress, gestures, speech, and facial expressions all have an impact on how we are perceived by others. Additionally, the painstaking process of reviewing the taped material leads to an intimate knowledge of the topic, and the process of choosing portions out of entire interviews hones the ability to select the crucial or central themes and ideas from any discussion. Finally, the power of video lies in its ability to communicate information to a wide audience. Although the nature of video for the general public does not permit highly detailed or rigorous coverage of any topic, it is a major source of information. Accordingly, video is an important tool that can be used to inform the public about the importance of wise water resource management.     

A note on the measurement of agglomeration economies with compensation for urban disamenities

The net agglomeration and disamenities approaches to the measurement of agglomeration economies are merged. The net agglomeration view is represented by a labor demand function derived from Segal (D. Segal, Rev. Econ. Stat. 48, 339–350 (1976)). The disamenities view is represented by an upward-sloping labor supply function derived from Izraeli (O. Izraeli, Urban Stud. 14, 275–290 (1977)). Three cases are simulated. Case I is the benchmark case and assumes a linear homogeneous production function, no agglomeration economies, and no perceived environmental quality differences between cities. Cases II and III combine Segal and Izraeli by introducing agglomeration economies, an upward-sloping labor supply function, and a change in the level of air pollution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating the output of market goods and environmental goods within a common framework.     

江苏省高速公路站区光伏能源综合利用研究

基于江苏省高速公路沿线服务区、收费站、办公楼屋面面积以及服务区停车场面积统计数据,估算了可利用屋面面积和进行光伏车棚改造的服务区停车场面积。测算了光伏屋面、光伏车棚的装机规模和发电量,结合高速公路用电情况分析了运行方式。经测算:江苏省高速公路服务区和收费站屋面可安装光伏发电总装机容量为32 MW,首年发电量为3200万kWh,全省高速公路光伏屋面25年发电总量约7.3亿kWh;江苏省高速公路光伏车棚可安装光伏发电装机容量约11 MW,25年发电总量约2.5亿kWh;高速公路站区光伏系统所发电量均小于其昼间用电量,站区光伏发电能够以“自发自用”的模式运行。