取代苯乙酮类有机物溶解度和分配系数的测定

本文采用产生柱法测定取代苯乙酮类有机物的水溶解度和正辛醇-水分配系数,与静态法和振荡法测定的水溶解度、摇瓶法测定的正辛醇-水分配系数相比较,证明此方法是可行的,并和分子连接性指数呈良好的相关性。     

微纳米气泡在水处理中的应用及其发生装置研究

微纳米气泡的出现及其不同于普通气泡的特点,使其在水处理等领域显现出优良的技术优势和应用前景。介绍了微纳米气泡以及其比表面积大、停留时间长、自身增压溶解、界面ζ电位高、产生自由基、强化传质效率等特点,论述了微纳米气泡在水体增氧、气浮工艺、强化臭氧化、增强生物活性等环境污染控制领域的应用研究。之后重点阐述了微纳米气泡发生装置及其发生机理,提出开发结构简单、能耗更低、性能更优的发生装置是微纳米气泡技术未来研究的重点。     

Thermal radiation from vapour cloud explosions

The current study estimates the radiation flux emitted from hot extended gas clouds characteristic of vapour cloud explosions along with the corresponding level of irradiance posed on particles suspended in the unburnt part of the cloud ahead of an advancing flame front. The data presented permits an assessment of the plausibility of combustion initiation by such particles due to forward thermal radiation. The thermal radiation will depend on the emissivity of the burned volume, which relates to the concentration of gaseous and particulate combustion products. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to account for variations in the equivalence ratio, mixture pressure and radiative heat losses. The spatial distribution of irradiance ahead of the flame front has been computed by introducing appropriate geometrical factors to explore the impact of cloud size. Using fuel rich ethylene-air mixtures it has been shown that high flame emissivities can be achieved at path lengths of order 1 m even in the presence of very low soot volume fractions. The emissivity of gas-soot mixtures will hence be mainly determined by the soot concentration and to a lesser extent by the mixture temperature. Our analysis suggests that the role of forward thermal radiation as a contributing factor to flame propagation in large scale vapour cloud explosions can not currently be ruled out.     

利用声凝聚机理提高喷雾降尘效果的研究

本文论述了利用声凝聚机理提高喷雾降尘效果,特别是对呼吸尘的降尘效果的研究过程。由该机理建立了声波频率和声强与降尘效果之间的数学模型。在此数学模型的基础上,开展了对声波发生器和声学喷嘴的研究。实验及使用结果表明,声学喷嘴可以显著提高对呼吸尘的降尘效果。     

污水深度处理系统在油田污水处理中的应用分析

乐安油田是通过蒸汽吞吐减轻原油粘度进行开采的稠油油田。针对其特点,借鉴美国、加拿大污水回用的成功经验和先进技术,建成投产了国内第一座也是最大的一座油井采出水回用于湿蒸汽发生器的大型泵站 ── 乐安污水深度处理站。文章详细介绍了污水深度处理系统以及运行2年来所取得的成果,证明油田采出水深度处理后回用于湿蒸汽发生器技术是完全可行并易于操作的。     

复杂人机系统班组人误模型与量化分析

讨论一个班组人员行为模型,即包括:任务模型、事件模型、班组模型和人-机交互模型4个模块,并用其模拟和分析事故状态下的运行班组对异常事故的响应过程;利用班组认知过程流程图模型表征事件发展过程中班组成员对事故的征兆识别、决策、计划和行动执行的响应过程;采用CREAM的量化分析技术,对核电站的蒸汽发生器管道破管事故的班组认知失误事件进行量化分析。     

柴油发电机房的噪声控制技术

柴油发电机组是一种广泛使用的备用供电设备,机组引发的环境噪声污染问题日益得到重视.对某电信局紧急备用的柴油发电机组进行噪声频谱特性分析和周围环境状况的分析,针对性地提出吸声、隔声、消声、减振以及通风散热的治理措施.经过治理后,达到了环境噪声Ⅱ类区域排放标准的要求,同时也满足了柴油发电机组工作时的通风散热要求.     

CLIGEN生成干旱半干旱地区降水相关参数的验证

选用黄河上中游地区无定河流域为中心的15个气象站1959~1999年的降水日值资料,对随机天气发生器CLIGEN在干旱半干旱地区再现降水的能力进行了验证。结果表明:CLIGEN模型较好地模拟了该区域的降水发生概率;很好地再现了年、月、日降水总量平均值,平均相对偏差分别为2.4%、2.4%和2.1%;CLIGEN再现了96.4%的日降水变率、95.9%的月降水变率和84.1%的年降水变率。对年降水变率估计稍差,表明CLIGEN在模拟降水变率方面还有改进的必要。从降水极值看,年降水最大值的平均相对偏差为11.1%,偏差最大的是干旱区的临河站（39.1%）;年降水最小值的平均相对偏差为20.5%,偏差最大的是临河站（-30.7%）;月最大降水量除两站稍低外,其它站平均偏高20.2%;日降水最大值除临河站偏低3.4%外,其余各站平均偏高43.2%。总体上讲,CLIGEN在干旱地区的模拟能力比在半干旱区稍差。鉴于CLI-GEN模拟的极大值绝大部分都偏高,因此利用CLIGEN模型生成的降水资料运行径流和土壤侵蚀模型有高估径流量和土壤侵蚀量的可能,需要进一步利用自计雨量计的资料对CLIGEN生成次降水的参数进行验证,以确保径流和土壤侵蚀预测的精度。     

Collision of convex objects for calculation of porous mesh in gas explosion simulation

We investigate the coupling of the flamelet combustion model with the collision distance algorithm based on Minkowski addition. The collision algorithm is coded to calculate the porosity of the geometry based on the PDR (Porosity Distributed Resistance) approach for modelling of complex geometries. The turbulent field generated by the interaction of the flow with the porous objects is used to calculate the wrinkling length scale of the flame via the fluctuating velocities. The turbulent fluxes are amended in accordance with assigned porosities at the cell faces. The combustion and porosity models are implemented in the framework of an in house Fortran code that solves the full set of Navier-Stokes equations. The code was named STOKES - Shock Towards Kinetic Explosion Simulator). Results are presented for non-reacting flows and reacting flows over different geometries. Numerical findings are compared with standard commercial CFD tools.     

排板式介质阻挡放电等离子体降解苯的研究

考察了自制排板式等离子发生器对不同进气条件(进气浓度、进气流量和进气湿度)下含苯气的降解效果。结果表明,苯降解率随进气浓度和进气流量的提高而降低,但在高进气浓度和高进气流量下,苯降解率仍保持在50%以上。苯降解率在进气湿度约30%时达到最大值,过低和过高的进气湿度都不利于苯的降解。采用多级串联可提高等离子发生器对高进气浓度和高进气流量的适应能力,4级串联较单级时的苯降解率最高可提高39%。排板式等离子体发生器可作为未来等离子体发生器工业化的重点研发对象。