重庆市巴县,长寿县水稻和小麦的重金属污染

重庆市巴县和长寿县的部分水稻和小麦已经受到重金属汞、镉、铅的污染，污染程度长寿县〉巴县，小麦〉水稻，铅〉汞〉镉。污染的主要原因是环境污染所造砀 ，尤其是重化工业所在场镇附近污染特别显著，汞和铅污染有加重趋势，镉污染有所减轻，提出了对策建议。     

Arsenic adsorption on lignocellulosic substrate loaded with ferric ion

We loaded a lignocellulosic substrate extracted from wheat bran with ferric ions. This new low-cost adsorbent was prepared for the adsorption and removal of arsenate and arsenite ions from aqueous systems. The loading process of Fe in this biomaterial was done by hydrolization of a ferric salt while an alkaline solution was added dropwise. The new material obtained has a high sensivity to arsenite and arsenate species. Here, we investigated the effect of contact time, pH, and Fe content on the adsorption of both arsenic ions on the new material. This adsorption was found to be highly pH-dependent, which can be explained on the basis of electrostatic interactions between ionic species in solution and the ≡FeOH surface groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of arsenite and arsenate species vary linearly with the amount of Fe loaded on the lignocellulosic substrate.     

Effect of Florasulam on soil residues and enzyme activity of wheat in drylands北大核心CSCD

Florasulam is a three azole and pyrimidine sulfonamide herbicide, mainly used for weeds prevention and control in winter wheat fields. The main purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different doses of Florasulam on soil residues and on the enzymatic activity of wheat cultivated in drylands, and to provide the theoretical basis for a scientific use of florasulam. Five doses (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mL/667 m2) of Florasulam were applied in order to detect differences in soil residue content and enzymatic activities. Soil residues and enzymatic activities (catalase, phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase) were measured and analyzed after the 5 different doses of Florasulam were processed. The residual amount of Florasulam in the soils decreased gradually with the growth phase of wheat, and was lower than that of 0.01 mg/kg. The residual amount of Florasulam in different soil layers gradually decreased with the increase of soil thickness. The enzymatic activity of soils treated with Florasulam was basically T3 > T2 > T1 > CK > T4, where T3 was the highest, whereas T4 could inhibit the enzymatic activity. Under these experimental conditions, in order to decrease soil pollution and lower Florasulam residues, it is recommended to apply Florasulam at a concentration range of 30 to 45 mL/667 m2 © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Transient‐phase and steady‐state kinetics of lipase‐catalyzed ester hydrolysis 1

Abstract

An experimental study has been made of both the steady‐state and the transient‐phase (presteady‐state) kinetics of the hydrolyses of several saturated aliphatic esters of p‐nitrophenol catalyzed by wheat germ lipase. The analysis of the presteady‐state part revealed two transients indicating that lipase‐catalyzed reactions proceed via a two‐intermediate mechanism suggested for other esterases. The possibility of more than one species of the enzyme engaged in catalytic activity is discussed and a reaction mechanism scheme is proposed accordingly.     

微波辐照麦秸制造活性炭

研究了微波辐照经氯化锌浸渍的麦秸制造活性炭。实验结果表明,经微波辐照８ｍｉｎ,所得到活性炭的亚甲蓝脱色力为１７０ｍＬ／ｇ,为国家标准一级品（ＬＹ２１６－７９）的１．４２倍,时间仅为传统方法的１／４５。     

Innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifers for the application of wastewater biological treatment

• An innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifer fed on flour was proposed. • Rotifer fed on flour grew faster than that fed on bacteria or Chlorella vulgaris. • The optimum mass culture conditions for rotifer fed on flour were investigated. • The cultured rotifer could improve sludge settleability in the SBR. This study aims to establish a simple and efficient method for the mass culture of bdelloid rotifers, which is the basis for the application of bdelloid rotifers as biological manipulators to improve wastewater biological treatment performance. A common bdelloid rotifer, Habrotrocha sp., in a wastewater biological treatment system was selected as the culture target. Rotifers fed on flour could reproduce faster than those fed traditional food such as Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria. As a rotifer food, flour has the advantages of simple preparation, effortless preservation, and low cost compared to live Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria, so it is more suitable for the mass culture of rotifers. The optimal rotifer culture conditions using flour as food were also studied. According to the experimental results, the recommended rotifer culture conditions are a flour particle size of 1 μm, a flour concentration of 6 × 10⁶ cell/mL, a temperature of 28℃, a pH level of 6.5 and salinity of 100–500 mg/L. In addition, the sludge volume index in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the addition of cultured rotifers was 59.9 mL/g at the end of operation and decreased by 18.2% compared to SBR without rotifer, which indicates that the cultured rotifers still retained the function of helping to improve sludge settling. This function may be related to the rotifer’s role in inhibiting bacteria from producing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances in the SBR.