白腐菌对制浆黑液中硫酸盐木素的降解

研究了白腐菌对硫酸盐木素的降解作用和影响因素,结果发现,２种白腐菌对硫酸盐木素的降解能力不同,培养１０ｄ后,木云芝Ｌｕ－１１的降解率达到７４．５％,而黄孢原毛平革菌的降解率为６５．６％,分子量在１５００￣３０００ｋｄ之间的硫酸盐木素部分被降解最为明显,木云芝的降解产物只有一种主要组分,而黄孢原毛平革菌的降解产物有２种主要组分,培养条件如碳源,氮源、ｐＨ值和温度对白腐菌降解硫酸盐木素的作用有明显的影     

白腐菌降解木素酶系及其作用机理

制浆行业目标是脱除木质素,留下纤维素.白腐菌对木素的选择降解性能是造纸工业兴起研究领域如生物制浆,生物漂白及污染处理的理论基础.本文对有关白腐菌降解木素的酶系及作用机制作了概述,目的在于绘出一幅整体的木素降解酶系相互依存的图景,以便人们扩大视野,全面深入研究木素降解过程.     

白腐菌J-6对五类化学结构染料的脱色性能

从白腐菌中筛出了一株能对五类不同化学结构的染料进行高效脱色的菌株——J-6。通过采用“批式”摇床培养法,测定染料脱色率,从而确定该菌株能高效脱色的最佳培养时间和连续处理染料的能力。发酵培养96h的菌体可使活性艳蓝R(A)SP在5h内脱色率达95％以上;活性翠蓝G、活性黑GRP、混合染料在9h内脱色率达90％以上;孔雀绿、Po1yR-478在24h内脱色率分别达95％、90％以上。另外,J-6对不同染料最佳脱色时间和最终脱色效率与菌体本身发酵培养的时间长短和染料的种类紧密相关。J6处理能力强,连续处理4次染料后仍保持较高的脱色率。     

改进型气升式反应器中白腐菌降解碱木素

设计了一种白腐菌糙皮侧耳高效降解废水中碱木素的改进型气升式反应器,研究了内套管的开孔高度与脱色率的关系,并采用分批进料方式考察了改进后反应器中白腐菌对碱木素的降解效果。实验结果表明：反应器内套管的最佳开孔高度为45 cm;改进后反应器的漆酶酶活、COD去除率、脱色率分别最高达到了89.33 U/L、87.3%和81.39%,较改进前分别相对提高了17.5%、43.3%和39.6%。     

Mycoremediation of diclofenac using Mucor hiemalis

Diclofenac (DCF) is a pharmaceutical drug widely found in the aquatic environment, where it represents a persistent, anthropogenic hazard to all biota. Owing to the reported inefficiency of water treatment strategies to remove pharmaceuticals, the present study aimed to investigate the ability of the aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalis to take up and accumulate DCF. Cultures of M. hiemalis were exposed to varying concentrations of DCF (10, 25 and 50 µg/L) over a period of 144 h. In the presence of M. hiemalis, DCF concentrations in the media decreased by 95% within 24 h. This early removal was most likely due to extracellular metabolism of DCF, as low proportions of the pharmaceutical were found in the mycelium of the fungus, thereby excluding bioaccumulation as the main mode of removal. However, adsorption of DCF onto the surface of the M. hiemalis pellets cannot be excluded. Our study provides the first report of DCF remediation using M. hiemalis and is the first successful step towards a feasible and inexpensive bioremediation technique for DCF.     

霉菌试验技术分析与探讨

分析霉菌试验技术对试验结果的影响,并从试验菌种、霉菌孢子、试验周期、温湿度控制、灭菌方法以及试验结果评定等方面对提高霉菌试验结果的有效性进行了探讨.     

培养基种类和培养条件对白腐真菌生长和产酶特性的影响

以白腐真菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)为研究对象,比较了该菌种在人工合成培养基和天然培养基中的生长和产酶特性,考察了竹子浸出液,pH,载体和抗生素等对白腐真菌在天然培养基中生长和产酶特性的影响.结果表明,天然培养基中白腐真菌的生物量、菌丝小球直径和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)活性均大于人工培养基.以天然培养基为基础培养基,加入竹子浸出液可以促进白腐真菌的生长和提高木质素过氧化物酶活性;较低pH(4.5)条件下菌丝小球直径较小;载体的加入使得菌体以附着形式生长;抗生素两性霉素B对白腐真菌的生长和产酶的影响存在阈值,当ρ(两性霉素B)超过50　mg/L时,白腐真菌的生长和产酶受到明显的抑制.      

漂白废水白腐菌脱色的条件

碳源、氮源、Mn^2 浓度及pH值对F7菌漂白废水脱色有较大的影响,最佳培养基组成为：ρ（葡萄糖）10g/L,ρ（NH4Cl）0．13g/L,ρ（Mn^2 )20mg/L,随葡萄糖和NH4Cl添国量的增加,菌体生物量增加,但高浓度的NH4Cl对F7菌脱色有抑制作用,F7菌适宜生长pH值为4－5,适宜脱色pHwfhgo 3-6,最适脱色pH值为5．0另外,经脱色处理的漂白废水的毒性明显下降。     

Novel metabolic pathways of organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and aldrin by the white rot fungi of the genus Phlebia

White rot fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this experiment, 20 white rot fungi, belonging to genus Phlebia, were investigated for their ability to degrade dieldrin. Based on the screening results, we further investigated Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, and Phlebia aurea to determine their degradation capacity and metabolic products towards dieldrin and aldrin. The three fungi were able to remove over 50% of dieldrin in a low nitrogen medium, after 42 d of incubation. Three hydroxylated products were detected as metabolites of dieldrin, suggesting that in Phlebia strains, hydroxylation reactions might play an important role in the metabolism of dieldrin. In contrast to dieldrin, aldrin exhibited higher levels of degradation activity. Over 90% of aldrin was removed after 28 d of incubation, and several new metabolites of aldrin in microorganisms, including 9-hydroxyaldrin and two carboxylic acid products, were detected in fungal cultures. These results indicate that the methylene moiety of aldrin and dieldrin molecules might be prone to enzymatic attack by white rot fungi. In this study, we describe for the first time a new metabolic pathway of both compounds by fungi of genus Phlebia.     

霉菌试验设备的选用及检定

任何一项环境试验标准在描述试验条件与试验方法时。直接或间接地对其相应的试验设备提出了具体的要求。正确选用试验设备是保证试验准确性的前提,本文介绍了霉菌试验设备的选用及检定,同时建议建立一种新型的气候试验设备基本参数检定方法标准体系。