House sparrows benefit from the conservation of white storks

As with many farmland bird species, the house sparrow Passer domesticus is declining in Europe, mainly due to intensification of agriculture reducing nest sites and food supplies. During 2002–2005, we studied the population size and nest site characteristics of house sparrows breeding within white stork Ciconia ciconia nests in a large area of agricultural landscape within western Poland. To explain sparrow density within stork nests, we examined characteristics of white stork nests (position, age, productivity) and the farm type around the nest. House sparrow density was greatest in the longest established (and hence larger) white stork nests located on traditionally managed farms. Two recent changes appear to have adverse effects on house sparrows. The first is the intensification of farming and the second is active management of white stork nests on electric poles to reduce nest size and thus avoid both disruption to the electrical supply and electrocution of white storks. Because the white stork has such a high profile in Poland, there are numerous schemes to conserve and enhance this species. In conclusion, we clearly show that protecting one species can have valuable, although unplanned, benefits to another species of conservation interest, the house sparrow.     

切尔诺贝利核事故对白俄罗斯生态环境的影响

2011年3月日本地震导致福岛核电站核泄漏事件引起国际社会的高度关注。本文回溯切尔诺贝利核事故给白俄罗斯带来的生态灾难,并详细介绍和分析白俄罗斯境内放射性元素污染情况及修复措施,期待为人们应对当前日本核事故对人体健康和自然界的影响和危害提供有价值的参考。     

北京市地铁站站台空气微生物抽样检测的实验研究

采取新旧地铁站台对比研究的方法选取三个有代表性的换乘站的六个站台,分别研究各站台空气中细菌、真菌的含量,并做浅要分析。结果表明：旧站台在细菌数上远比新站台高,而真菌数却明显比新站台低（一号线东单站站台例外）。菌落总数只有2号线复兴门站站台超过2500cfu／m^3,达2883cfu／m^3;再则是1号线复兴门站站台接近2500cfu／m^3,为2092cfu／m^3,其余诸站台均明显低于2500cfu／m^3。这表明北京市地铁站站台空气微生物的质量比较好。对菌种进行初步分析知细菌的优势菌种为球菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、双球菌）和杆菌,真菌的优势菌种为青霉属和黄曲霉属。     

采用不同微生物来源培养真菌的实验研究

试验分别接种普通活性污泥、酵母浸粉和土壤三种不同的方法用SBR反应器培养真菌,使其成为活性污泥中的优势菌群,为纤维素乙醇发酵提供新的糖化途径。试验观察发现接种土壤上清液培养真菌是效果最好的一种方式,污泥中的酵母菌菌落数达到4.83×105个/mg污泥,分别是普通活性污泥和酵母浸粉的69倍和3.47倍;而丝状菌菌落数可达到4.6×104个/mg污泥,分别是上述两种方法的16倍和7.7倍。采用土壤培养的污泥絮体较大、不规则、松散,菌丝很长,呈单体手状分布,对有机物和氨氮的去除率较高,分别达到80%和30%。实验还从微生物动力学参数耗氧速率间接指示真菌数量的百分比在三种情况下逐渐增多。     

浙西南食用菌的可持续利用与生态环境研究

近十年来,食用菌在浙西南山区发展迅猛,大大促进了当地农村经济的发展,为农民脱贫致富发挥了重要作用,但也存在着一些问题。针对食用菌生产对生态环境的影响,作者提出了浙西南山区持续发展食用菌的若干建设和对策。     

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Introduction Synthetic dyestuffs are extensively used for textile dyeing as well as other industrial applications. According to chemical structure of the chromophoric group, dyestuffs are classified as azo dyes, anthra- quinone dyes, triarylmethine dyes, …     

二鼠李糖脂对白腐菌降解稻草中木质纤维素的影响

通过固态发酵方式采用白腐菌对稻草中木质纤维素进行降解,并研究了生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂对该降解过程的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的二鼠李糖脂能在不同程度上提高降解过程水溶性有机碳的含量,添加0.007%和0.021%二鼠李糖脂的实验组最高TOC(total organic carbon)浓度较对照组分别提高了83.6%和54.5%,这有利于黄孢原毛平革菌的生长,且延缓了菌体的衰退。添加临界胶束浓度0.007%和0.021%浓度的二鼠李糖脂可使LiP(lignin peroxidase)酶活分别提高85.7%和41.2%,二鼠李糖脂对MnP(manganese peroxidase)酶活没有显著影响。生物表面活性剂的介入促进了白腐菌对稻草中木质素的降解,添加0.007%二鼠李糖脂可使木质素降解率提高54%。     

Coarsening of extracellularly biosynthesized cadmium crystal particles induced by thioacetamide in solution

A novel coarsening route for extracellularly biosynthesized cadmium nanocrystals was investigated for the first time. In this process, the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor was employed to take up cadmium ions and synthesize extracellular cadmium crystal particles. The coarsening of the particles was induced by thioacetamide under certain conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the formed cadmium crystal particles were coarsened from about 100 nm to 2-3 μm. The corresponding energy-dispersive X-ray spectra confirmed the presence of proteins in the particles. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd(II) increased from 17% to 87%, and the corresponding sorption capacity of biomass increased from 4 to 24 mg g⁻¹ with the completion of the coarsening process. The properties of the coarsened particles were also examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis of fungal mycelial pellets embedded with the coarsened particles confirmed the formation of cubic crystalline cadmium sulfide particles. The TEM results suggest that the coarsened particles were composed of clusters of several smaller particles. The changes in the functional groups on the biomass surface were studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the results above, a possible mechanism for the formation and coarsening of cadmium crystal particle is also discussed.     

净化SO2的生物膜填料塔中微生物类群分析

对净化废气中SO2的生物膜填料塔内的微生物进行了分离纯化并做鉴定,得到一株嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxdans IEL001)和一株分类地位非常接近链二孢属(Bispora sp.)的极端嗜酸真IEL002,生物膜填料塔内的极端酸性环境和有机营养的缺乏导致生物膜上的微生物种类较为...     

白洋淀水中白腐真菌对双酚A的降解规律及途径研究

研究白洋淀表层水(白洋淀原水)、无机盐培养基、无机盐培养基强化的白洋淀原水中双酚A在白腐真菌作用下的生物降解规律,同时考察了细菌及pH等因素对降解率的影响.实验结果表明,白洋淀原水中双酚A在白腐真菌作用下的降解率很高.甚至高于最适营养条件(无机盐培养基)下双酚A的降解率.在6 d达到完全降解.但是无机盐培养基强化的白洋淀原水抑制了白腐真菌对双酚A的降解;当细菌存在时.白腐真菌与细菌对碳源和能源等形成了竞争关系,抑制了白腐真菌的生长.不利于白腐真菌对双酚A的降解;无机盐培养基强化的白洋淀原水在初始pH-6.00时双酚A的降解率高于初始pH=7.00时双酚A的降解率.通过气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析.白腐真菌降解双酚A的中间产物包括2-对羟苯基-2-酮基-1-乙醇、2-羟基苯乙酸和丙二酸等小分子酸.