扑草净影响小麦雪腐病、纹枯病的田间观察

在小麦雪腐病、纹枯病混合发生的情况下,使用扑草净麦田除草显着抑制纹枯病的发生,而对雪腐病有促进作用,且播后芽前施药较二叶一心施药发病更为严重。     

Stream macroinvertebrate baseline surveys: A comparative analysis from the oil-shale regions of Colorado,USA

General surveys of the benthic macroinvertebrates from Piceance Creek and the White River were conducted for nearly a decade prior to oil-shale exploitation in north central Colorado, USA. Comparison of the taxa collected in four studies on Piceance Creek and five studies on the White River shows little similarity among most studies. Studies were generally consistent in methods, site selection, and time of year for collection. Lack of agreement among the studies on what constitutes a baseline of common taxa is probably a result of taxonomic difficulties and differences in technique. More emphasis should be placed on testing possible impacts than on repeated, expensive, and inconclusive baseline inventories.     

一株溶铜绿微囊藻真菌的分离与鉴定

从土壤中分离得到一株具有溶藻能力的真菌,命名为J20。经形态学和18srDNA序列对比分析鉴定,J20菌株属于青霉属(Peniciliium)。研究了J20菌株对铜绿微囊藻DS的溶藻效果,初步探讨了其溶藻方式及溶藻物质。结果表明:该菌株对铜绿微囊藻DS有一定的去除效果,实验第3天时,试验组比对照组的叶绿素a减少达82%;该菌株培养物的最低有效抑藻效应浓度为1∶100(即向100mL藻液中加入1mL菌液);该菌株通过分泌胞外产物的方式溶解铜绿微囊藻且溶藻物质主要为具有热稳定性的非蛋白类物质。     

深海生物圈酵母菌的研究进展

从深海生物圈中酵母菌的来源状况、种类分布特征、研究方法等角度阐述了其最新进展,结合本课题组的相关研究,以便加强我们对深海生物圈中酵母菌的了解和认识,并提出开展该领域研究亟需解决的问题;希望本综述为开发利用深海酵母菌资源提供参考.     

Integrating Joint Implementation Projects for Energy Efficiency on the Built Environment with White Certificates in The Netherlands

In this paper we analyze policy interactions between two innovative climate and energy policy instruments, namely White Certificates (WhC) and Joint Implementation (JI) that target at energy efficiency improvement and reductions of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. We have selected The Netherlands and Bulgaria as a case study given that the former has a cumulated experience in energy efficiency policies and the latter for a growing potential in JI projects as a host country. Based on a method of analyzing policy interactions, we demonstrate how a possible design of such a scheme can take place and how it should function. A couple of parameters that deserve attention are a baseline definition and a conversion rate for credits. Our basic finding is that an integrated scheme is complementary and can assist substantially in achieving Dutch national United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol targets. Dutch electricity and gas suppliers (parties that receive energy efficiency obligations) can implement energy efficiency projects domestically and in other countries, hence reducing total abatement costs. Furthermore, such a scheme can stimulate further energy efficiency actions from other stakeholders participating in energy markets. Based on an ex-ante assessment, a carefully designed hybrid WhC and JI scheme appears to be effective in terms of targets, efficient, generating positive impacts on markets and society, while uncertain in stimulating innovation.

真/细菌对疏水性有机物的吸附及其表面特性

比较了干燥后真菌Ophiostoma stenoceras LLC和细菌Pseudomonas veronii ZW菌体细胞的比表面积及其对不同疏水性有机化合物吸附性能,并利用BET、红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线电子能谱（XPS）对细胞表面进行了分析.结果表明,真菌LLC和细菌ZW菌体细胞的比表面积分别为15.8m²/g,11.57m²/g,真菌菌体细胞表面介孔较多,可以更有效地吸附有机化合物.在相同的生长阶段,真菌LLC的细胞表面疏水性（cell surfacehydrophobic,CSH）始终要大于细菌ZW;采用α-蒎烯作为唯一碳源培养时,处于对数生长期的真菌和细菌的CSH均有不同提升.干燥后真菌LLC菌体对各疏水性有机化合物吸附能力为乙酸乙酯> α-蒎烯>正己烷,即疏水性相对较低的化合物更容易被吸附.通过XPS和FTIR表征发现菌体LLC吸附有机化合物后,菌体表面的官能团位置未发生明显变化,推测该吸附过程是物理吸附.     

Growth promotion and disease prevention effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br北大核心CSCD

This study aimed to evaluate the disease antagonism and seed growth promotion effects of streptomyces on Amorphophallus konjac by agar block and axenic fermentation extract experiments. Pot experiments were taken to assess relative biocontrol effiency and effect of streptomyce preparation M (mixture of S. carnosus and S. pactum in solid-state fermentation with 1:1 ratio) on biomass, photosynthetic rate, yield and corm quality of A. konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br. Results showed that: 1 Streptomyces Act12 had obvious antagonistic activity against six soft rot pathogens, and the diameter of growth inhibition zones ranged from 19.4 to 31.6 mm. Fermentation filtrate of streptomyces exhibited growth-promoting activity on melon seed germination and seedling growth. 2 Streptomyce-derived viable preparations had biocontrol effect on A. konjac regarding soft rot-disease prevention. In the pot experiment, individual inoculation of preparations achieved 65.0% relative biocontrol effect on A. konjac during the harvest stage. After 10 and 20 days of inoculation combined with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (a bacterial pathogen), the relative biocontrol effiency of streptomyces were 100.0% and 58.4%, respectively. 3 Streptomyces showed obvious growth-promoting effect on growth and yield of A. konjac. In the pot experiment, combined inoculation of streptomyces and Pectobacterium chrysanthemi significantly increased the petiole diameter by 11.1%, net photosynthetic rate by 111.7%, fresh weight of corm by 54.8%, fresh weight of rhizome by 304.2%, and the number of rhizomes by 200.0%, compared with individual inoculation of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi. 4 Individual inoculation with streptomyces improved corm quality of A. konjac. The contents of glucomannan, starch and cellulose significantly increased by 14.0%, 8.1% and 27.7%, respectively compared with control (P < 0.05) . This study indicates that streptomyces promotes the growth of A. konjac, enhances the yield and the content of glucomannan, and at the same time helps disease prevention of A. konjac.     

液体培养基中添加天然成分对白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生长的促进作用

通过试验发现,在液体培养基中添加木材、玉米芯、土豆浸出液,对于白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium的产量提高有极大的促进作用.在外加碳源为10g/L葡萄糖的条件下,经过3d培养,添加浸出液的培养基的小球产量均能够达到80g/L以上,是未添加浸出液的基础培养基的小球产量的5倍.在外加碳源为5g/L葡萄糖时,添加了外源天然浸出液后,3d后小球产量均能达到69.5g/L以上,在未添加任何浸出液的基础培养基中,小球产量很低,并且在葡萄糖浓度1g/L～20g/L时,3d产量在12.5g/L～14.5g/L范围内.添加土豆浸出液的样品容易染菌,添加玉米芯浸出液的样品培养较长时间后容易发生小球膨胀,添加木材浸出液的培养基用于培养白腐真菌小球,产量高、耐其它微生物污染能力强,能在较长时期内保持良好的泥水分离能力,是较好的液体培养生长促进添加剂.木材、玉米芯、土豆浸出液相互混合有利于白腐真菌的生长.用添加木材浸出液的培养基培养白腐真菌,在不同浓度葡萄糖条件下,小球产量的差别在初期并不明显,随着培养时间增加,小球产量差别逐渐增大.木材浸出液对采用培养基培养菌丝小球的作用是刺激生长,并不是提供生长所需要的有机物.     

白腐真菌生物过滤塔处理氯苯气体的研究

以竹子为填料,构建新型的白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生物过滤塔,考察该过滤塔在不同操作条件下对氯苯的去除性能.结果表明,白腐真菌生物过滤塔对氯苯表现出较好的去除效果,在进口浓度200～1 500 mg/m3,空塔停留时间122 s的条件下,最大去除率接近80%,平均去除率约50%.过滤塔的去除速率与进口负荷和去除率有关,在进口浓度500～1 500mg/m3,流量0.5 m3/h的条件下,最大去除速率可达94 g/(m3·h),平均去除速率为60 g/(m3·h).过滤塔去除速率对进口负荷变化的响应幅度与流量有关,在低流量条件下随进口负荷的变化率较大.过滤塔中氯苯浓度的沿程分布呈现出非线性下降的特征,造成这一现象的原因可能与过滤塔内生物量的分布情况有关.     

白腐真菌用于有机废水处理的研究

介绍了对污染物有独特降解作用的白腐真菌,阐述了其降解污染物的机理和优势。利用该菌对几种难以用一般生物方法处理的工业废水进行了处理试验,试验结果表明,这种真菌对多种污染物有良好的降解性能,显示出广阔的应用前景。