外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰对昆明地区土壤动物群落的影响

2005年雨季前后的6月至9月,共布设144个样方,采样分析了外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adeno-phorum)对云南昆明地区针叶林、阔叶林和草地3种主要生态系统类型地表腐叶层土壤动物群落的影响。研究结果表明,紫茎泽兰入侵后土壤动物类群总数显著减少,其中针叶林减少41.3%,阔叶林减少29.0%,草地减少36.7%;土壤动物群落个体总数下降,其中针叶林减少63.5%,阔叶林减少20.4%,草地减少43.2%。紫茎泽兰入侵影响土壤动物群落多样性和均匀度。6月至8月,在没有紫茎泽兰入侵情况下,针叶林和草地生态系统土壤动物群落多样性、均匀度逐步升高;紫茎泽兰入侵后,由于土壤动物类群数量及部分类群个体数量减少,针叶林和草地土壤动物群落多样性、均匀度有所降低。     

不同使用方式林地的土壤动物与土壤营养元素的关系

以两对不同使用方式的林地为研究对象,探讨耕作土地和自然林地的土壤动物与土壤营养成分间的关系,研究表明,自然林地的土壤动物种类、数量、生物量及自然林的土壤有机质、土壤微量元素的含量等均明显高于耕作土地,土壤动物的种类、数量、生物量与土壤营养元素的含量呈正相关;土壤动物体的矿质元素与其所在土壤的矿质元素相关显著,但土壤动物体的微量元素与土壤微量元素间没有明显的相关性     

寿昌江流域及邻近山区溶岩洞穴大型水生底栖动物

灵栖洞、灵山洞、瑶琳洞为浙江西部山区已开发的著名观光溶岩洞穴群，灵栖洞位于寿昌江流域支流小江溪的源头附近，由灵泉、清风、霭云三洞组成，灵山洞由清虚洞、仙桥洞组成．三洞穴群内大型水生动物隶属2门3纲5目11科．灵栖洞大型水生动物群落主要由放逸短沟蜷和掌指米虾组成，灵山洞主要由硬环棱螺、放逸短沟蜷、格氏短沟蜷及水生昆虫幼体组成，瑶琳洞内主要由锯齿新米虾和扁卷螺组成．灵泉洞洞穴有光带主要分布有掌指米虾和放逸短沟蜷，弱光带主要分布有锯齿新米虾、掌指米虾和硬环棱螺，黑暗带主要分布有锯齿新米虾、掌指米虾和扁卷螺，灵泉洞有光带动物种类的多样性、均匀度指数最高，分别为0．9832和0．6109，黑暗带最低，分别为0．0983和0．1418；优势度在黑暗带最高，其值为0．6250．表3参18     

Problems with mitigation translocation of herpetofauna

Mitigation translocation of nuisance animals is a commonly used management practice aimed at resolution of human–animal conflict by removal and release of an individual animal. Long considered a reasonable undertaking, especially by the general public, it is now known that translocated subjects are negatively affected by the practice. Mitigation translocation is typically undertaken with individual adult organisms and has a much lower success rate than the more widely practiced conservation translocation of threatened and endangered species. Nonetheless, the public and many conservation practitioners believe that because population‐level conservation translocations have been successful that mitigation translocation can be satisfactorily applied to a wide variety of human‐wildlife conflict situations. We reviewed mitigation translocations of reptiles, including our own work with 3 long‐lived species (Gila monsters [Heloderma suspectum], Sonoran desert tortoises [Gopherus morafkai], and western diamond‐backed rattlesnakes [Crotalus atrox]). Overall, mitigation translocation had a low success rate when judged either by effects on individuals (in all studies reviewed they exhibited increased movement or increased mortality) or by the success of the resolution of the human–animal conflict (translocated individuals often returned to the capture site). Careful planning and identification of knowledge gaps are critical to increasing success rates in mitigation translocations in the face of increasing pressure to find solutions for species threatened by diverse anthropogenic factors, including climate change and exurban and energy development. Problemas con la Mitigación por Traslocación de Herpetofauna     

Effects of a major municipal effluent on the St. Lawrence River: A case study

The St. Lawrence River (SLR) is the second largest waterway in North America. The discharge of the City of Montreal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) represents the largest volume of treated wastewaters being released into the river. It also ranks as the largest sewage treatment plant of its kind in North America. Over the last decade, intensive multidisciplinary research has focused on assessing the impacts of Montreal wastewater effluents on the SLR. We describe the major findings of these investigations, including the determination of the fate of contaminants, bioaccumulation in fish and invertebrates, ecotoxicological measurements of aquatic animal health, evaluation of endocrine disruption, parasitism in fish, and combined effects of multiple stressors on the SLR. Impacts of the effluents from the WWTP on aquatic organisms from the SLR are both toxicological and ecological, demonstrating the need for an integrated view of the impacts of municipal effluents on aquatic ecosystems.     

Science, Pigs, and Politics: A New Zealand Perspective on the Phase-Out of Sow Stalls

Sows housed in stalls are kept insuch extreme confinement that they are unableto turn around. In some sectors of the porkindustry, sows are subjected to this degree ofconfinement for almost their entire lives(apart from the brief periods associated withmating). While individual confinement isrecognized by farmers and animal welfarecommunity organizations alike, as a valuabletool in sow husbandry (to mitigate againstaggression), what remains questionable from ananimal welfare point of view is the necessityto confine sows in such small spaces.In 2001, the Australian Journal ofAgricultural Research published a reviewarticle on the science associated with the useof the sow stall, and claimed that ``noscientific evidence to support therecommendation in the Code of Practice advisingagainst housing of sows in stalls followed byhousing in crates' (Barnett et al., 2001, p. 21).If all the available scientific publications onthe animal welfare implications of sow stallsare consulted (many of which did not feature inthe above review), then one will indeed findscientific evidence to support recommendationsagainst the housing of sows in stalls. Becausethere is science on both sides of this policydivide, the argument to defend the use of sowstalls, therefore, is not one of science vspublic opinion, but one of ethics.An analysis of the scientific argumentsagainst the use of the sow stall should be usedto encourage ethical debate on this issue. Asan ethical debate, the issue of the use of thesow stall can then focus on the degree ofsuffering we as a society are willing totolerate in agricultural practices, and theanimal welfare costs associated with extremeeconomies of scale in sow stocking rates,rather than get bogged down in red herringdebates over whether there is any suffering atall.     

人工养殖与野生扬子鳄卵中重金属含量分析

以原子吸收分光光度法，测定了人工养殖与野生的扬子鳄卵中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等重金属元素的含量，并对上述4种元素的分布状况和差异性进行了探讨。实验表明，人工繁殖卵中重金属元素含量高于野生卵，人工饲养过程中所提供的饮水和饲料中重金属元素含量高于自然界，值得关注和重视。     

博物馆与内蒙古草原濒危物种的保护

关于内蒙古草原动、植物自然保护濒危物种的保护做了一些详细的调查，并就博物馆作为自然遗存和文化遗存的保护与使用机构，它具有保护藏品、教研以及收藏价值。     

试论畜牧业污染和畜产品公害与绿色环保畜牧业

分析了畜牧业发展给环境带来的影响、环境污染给畜牧业的生产带来的影响以及被污染的畜产品给人类带来的危害；提出了建立绿色环保畜牧业的基本思路。     

从我国畜禽品种资源特点出发的保种战略

本文论述了对我国畜禽品种资源保护的两种战略及依据,即被动保种战略与主动保种战略。这一研究结论是基于我国畜禽品种资源的现状与特点:即拥有丰富的品种资源(共有601个品种与类型,其中本国地方品种385个)多样化的性能与产品对世界畜牧业的贡献面临经济发展的严峻挑战以及处于变化中的品种结构等。对于那些濒于灭绝及濒危中的品种,可采取被动保种的办法而对于尚未濒危但有潜在危险的大多数地方品种,则应采取主动保种的办法,将保种与开发相结合。并在主动保种方面提供了滩羊与湖羊保种研究中的两个实例以做说明。