广州大坦沙污水处理厂挥发有机物的去除及其向空气中的排放

对广州大坦沙污水处理厂各工艺阶段污水中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的测试表明,进水中主要有害VOCs为苯系物和卤代烃;进水和出水比较,苯 甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯(合称BTEX) 的去除率接近100%,污水中几种主要卤代烃的去除效率范围为79%—89%.VOCs主要的去除作用发生在生物反应池,特别是厌氧阶段,本研究还对污水处理厂几种典型挥发有机物排放到周围空气中的量进行了理论估计,计算表明卤代烃进入空气中的比例高于BTEX.     

Quantitative analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids sequestered from diverse host plants in Longitarsus flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Summary. Several species of the flea beetles genus Longitarsus are able to sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from their host plants. In five Longitarsus species we compare the concentration of PAs present in their host plants belonging to the Asteraceae or Boraginaceae with those found in the beetles. To get an estimate of the intrapopulation variability, three samples of five beetles each and five individual plants were analyzed for each comparison. A strong intrapopulation variability could be detected both among plant and beetle samples. The total concentration found in the beetles varied strongly between species. The local host plant and its phenology influence the concentrations present in the beetles as evidenced in comparisons of a single beetle species from two different hosts and of one beetle species collected at the same site at different times of the year. In addition, different beetle species apparently vary in their capacity to sequester the alkaloids, at the lowest extreme the mean PA concentration in the beetles (0.034 μg PA/mg dry weight) was 1/30 of the mean concentration found in the plant leaves (L. aeruginosus from Eupatorium cannabinum), at the highest extreme (2.098 μg PA/mg dw) the concentration in the beetles was a 1000 fold higher than in the plant leaves (L. nasturtii from Symphytum officinale). The highest mean concentration found in the beetles was 3.446 μg/mg dw (L. exoletus from Cynoglossum officinale). The absolute concentrations found in the beetles are comparable to other insects which have been shown to be effectively defended against their potential predators. Received 22 June 1999; accepted 25 August 1999     

The Role of Soil Organic Carbon in Maintaining Surface Elevation in Rapidly Subsiding U.S. Gulf of Mexico Coastal Marshes

Subsidence is a primary factor governing marsh deterioration in Mississippi River deltaic plain coastal marshes. Marsh surface-water level relationships are maintained primarily through soil organic matter accumulation and inorganic sediment input. In this study we examined the role of soil organic matter accumulation in maintaining marsh elevation in a brackish Spartina patens marsh. Measured rates of soil organic accumulation were compared to plant biomass production and soil respiration (carbon dioxide and methane emission) at the study sites. The study demonstrated the importance of plant biomass production to soil organic carbon accumulation in maintaining viable Spartina patens marshes in sediment-deficient coastal environments. The role of Mississippi River freshwater reintroduction in maintaining conditions for organic accretion is discussed.     

Using environmental and geographic data to optimize ex situ collections and preserve evolutionary potential

Maintenance of biodiversity through seed banks and botanical gardens, where the wealth of species’ genetic variation may be preserved ex situ, is a major goal of conservation. However, challenges can persist in optimizing ex situ collections if trade-offs exist among cost, effort, and conserving species evolutionary potential, particularly when genetic data are not available. We evaluated the genetic consequences of population preservation informed by geographic (isolation by distance [IBD]) and environmental (isolation by environment [IBE]) distance for ex situ collections for which population provenance is available. We used 19 genetic and genomic data sets from 15 plant species to assess the proportion of population genetic differentiation explained by geographic and environmental factors and to simulate ex situ collections prioritizing source populations based on pairwise geographic distance, environmental distance, or both. Specifically, we tested the impact prioritizing sampling based on these distances may have on the capture of neutral, functional, or putatively adaptive genetic diversity and differentiation. Individually, IBD and IBE explained limited population genetic differences across all 3 genetic marker classes (IBD, 10–16%; IBE, 1–5.5%). Together, they explained a substantial proportion of population genetic differences for functional (45%) and adaptive (71%) variation. Simulated ex situ collections revealed that inclusion of IBD, IBE, or both increased allelic diversity and genetic differentiation captured among populations, particularly for loci that may be important for adaptation. Thus, prioritizing population collections based on environmental and geographic distance data can optimize genetic variation captured ex situ. For the vast majority of plant species for which there is no genetic information, these data are invaluable to conservation because they can guide preservation of genetic variation needed to maintain evolutionary potential within collections.     

齐鲁石化热电厂废水回用方案的实施及问题分析

针对目前水资源短缺状况，以齐鲁石化热电厂为例提出了利用生活污水，养鱼场排水、锅炉排污水以及化学反洗水作循环冷却水补充水的优化方案，并就废水田用方案的实施及运行中发现的问题进行了分析与探讨。     

PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995

PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) chemical source profiles applicable to speciated emissions inventories and receptor model source apportionment are reported for geological material, motor vehicle exhaust, residential coal (RCC) and wood combustion (RWC), forest fires, geothermal hot springs; and coal-fired power generation units from northwestern Colorado during 1995. Fuels and combustion conditions are similar to those of other communities of the inland western US. Coal-fired power station profiles differed substantially between different units using similar coals, with the major difference being lack of selenium in emissions from the only unit that was equipped with a dry limestone sulfur dioxide (SO₂) scrubber. SO₂ abundances relative to fine particle mass emissions in power plant emissions were seven to nine times higher than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) abundances from geothermal springs, and one to two orders of magnitude higher than SO₂ abundances in RCC emissions, implying that the SO₂ abundance is an important marker for primary particle contributions of non-aged coal-fired power station contributions. The sum of organic and elemental carbon ranged from 1% to 10% of fine particle mass in coal-fired power plant emissions, from 5% to 10% in geological material, >50% in forest fire emissions, >60% in RWC emissions, and >95% in RCC and vehicle exhaust emissions. Water-soluble potassium (K⁺) was most abundant in vegetative burning profiles. K⁺/K ratios ranged from 0.1 in geological material profiles to 0.9 in vegetative burning emissions, confirming previous observations that soluble potassium is a good marker for vegetative burning.     

关帝山八水沟天然植物群落时空梯度的数量分析

在ＤＣＡ排序的基础上，应用排序轴分类法对山西关帝山八水沟景观的天然植物群落进行了数量分类，共划分出７类，效果较好．多元线性回归结果表明ＤＣＡ排序轴与环境因子密切相关．方差分析与多重比较结果表明，结合ＤＣＡ第２与３排序轴的二维排序图反映了群落的时空变异，其中第２排序轴反映了群落在坡向与坡度方面的空间梯度，第３排序轴反映了群落的森林演替、灌丛发育以及各类群落的草本层发育的时间梯度     

Elemental Mercury Control by Novel Oxidant and Sorbent in an Entrained-Flow System

An entrained-flow system has been designed and constructed to simulate in-flight mercury capture by sorbents in ducts of coal-fired utility plants. The test conditions of 1.5 s residence time, 140°C temperature, 4.5 ppbv inlet Hg⁰ concentration, and 0–20 lb/MMacf sorbent injection rates were chosen to simulate conditions in the ducts. Novel oxidants developed in previous fixed-bed tests and novel sorbents derived from the novel oxidants were tested for their Hg⁰ capture in the entrained-flow system to examine the possibility of using those sorbents in a full-scale system. Darco-FGD and Darco Hg-LH served as benchmark sorbents with which mercury control capability of the novel oxidants and novel sorbents could be compared. The test results showed that the novel oxidants have remarkable Hg⁰ oxidation capability, and the novel sorbents showed a better performance in Hg⁰ removal than Darco Hg-LH.     

THE RHIZOSPHERE ECOLOGY OF SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES1

ABSTRACT: This article, based on a review of the literature, examines several aspects of the rhizosphere ecology of submersed macrophytes. These include the role of the rhizosphere microflora in affecting plant growth through influences on nutrient availability and production of plant growth regulating compounds. Interactions between components of the sediment microflora and plant roots are considered in relation to plant nitrition and growth. Possible applications of this information to the management of submersed macrophytes are considered.     

电厂机组大修的安全管理及保障措施

针对电厂机组大(小)修中所遇到的安全管理方面的各种实际问题,提出了针对性强、可操作性强、实用有效的防范措施和管理方法.