淮南谢桥煤矿矿井水深度处理技术的选择

简述了煤矿高矿化度矿井水的主要深度处理技术及它们的特点和发展情况,并举例说明了这些深度处理技术目前的运用现状。结合实际情况,说明淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿选择反渗透技术在矿井水脱盐的优势以及产生的经济、社会和环境效益。     

甘肃平凉市大气湿沉降中氮、硫污染物循环特征分析

大气环境中氮,硫污染物的循环,正在自然系统改变。人为活动已明显冲击了氮、硫元素的循环过程,它们可能对生物多样性,局地气侯变暖,土壤,水体,人体健康等逐渐带来严重影响。氮、硫污染物亦是大气酸沉降的主要来源。通过对甘肃平凉市大气湿沉降中氮、硫污染物特征分析,掌握氮、硫污染物动态变化,分析它们在大气湿沉降中的化学变化及污染循环特征,为做好节能减排工作提供理论依据。使氮、硫元素的循环趋于平衡,防止酸沉降在我市发生,进一步提高我市环境空气质量。     

煤矿矿井水中SO4^2-的去除方法研究

制备了高效SO4^2-吸附剂,用其对某煤矿矿井水进行了试验,对影响吸附剂吸附效率的各因素进行了研究,结果表明：吸附剂用量1.0 g/L时,去除率达到最高,为93.5%。溶液在酸性范围内吸附剂对SO42-去除率明显大于碱性范围。随着SO4^2-浓度的增加,吸附剂的去除率逐渐降低。试验水温选择为25℃,最佳吸附时间为40 m in,最佳pH为7.0。     

聚磷菌厌氧时吸收乙酸和丙酸的代谢模型

水体中存在过多的磷是造成水体富营养化的重要原因之一,聚磷菌（polyphosphate accumulating organisms）因为能过量吸收磷而倍受关注。厌氧时,聚磷菌能大量吸收污水中的挥发性脂肪酸,经过一系列的生化反应,为好氧吸磷做准备。经过总结在厌氧条件下,聚磷菌Accumulibacter吸收乙酸和丙酸代谢转化的化学计量方程,并对模型中系数、还原力的产生、糖原降解途径以及厌氧条件下最终产物PHA的组成进行了讨论,得出挥发酸是通过主动运输进入细胞,且糖原经过ED途径提供还原力,多聚磷酸盐水解提供ATP和释放磷酸盐于体外,最终产生PHA的假设过程。但是,经过众多模型试验,一些假设仍没有得到最后的结论,所以应该进一步用富集程度较高的污泥进行精确研究。本文最终希望利用聚磷菌的代谢模型在工程运用中发挥最大效用。     

An integrated assessment method of urban drainage system:A case study in Shenzhen City,China

In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation, and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical.     

Effect of rhizosphere on soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene biodegradation

To access the influence of a vegetation on soil microorganisms toward organic pollutant biogegration, this study examined the rhizospheric effects of four plant species (sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa, and fescue) on the soil microbial community and in-situ pyrene (PYR) biodegradation. The results indicated that the spiked PYR levels in soils decreased substantially compared to the control soil without planting. With equal planted densities, the efficiencies of PYR degradation in rhizosphere with sudan grass, white clover, alfalfa and fescue were 34.0%, 28.4%, 27.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. However, on the basis of equal root biomass the efficiencies were in order of white clover >> alfalfa > sudan > fescue. The increased PYR biodegradation was attributed to the enhanced bacterial population and activity induced by plant roots in the rhizosphere. Soil microbial species and biomasses were elucidated in terms of microbial phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant changes in PLFA pattern in planted and non-planted soils spiked with PYR. Total PLFAs in planted soils were all higher than those in non-planted soils. PLFA assemblages indicated that bacteria were the primary PYR degrading microorganisms, and that Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher tolerance to PYR than Gram-negative bacteria did.     

腐殖酸钠对钙、镁离子吸附效果的研究

实验研究了腐殖酸钠混合液对钙、镁离子的吸附性能。高温条件下由草炭和NaOH制取的腐殖酸钠混合液,吸附水中的钙镁离子,结果发现：随着混合液用量的增加,其对钙镁离子的去除效率增加。当混合液用量为8ml时,二者的吸附效率均在88％以上,其中对镁离子的去除率可达100％,而且由于钙镁离子具有相同的核外电子层结构及类似的化学性质,因此混合液对钙镁离子的去除效果类似,表明腐殖酸钠混合液对钙镁离子具有极好的去除效果,可广泛应用于处理含钙镁离子的污水。     

腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX菌脱氮性能的影响及其动力学分析

通过批次实验研究了两种典型重金属离子[Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）]与腐殖酸对厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）脱氮效果（SAA）的影响并进行了动力学模型分析,同时探讨了腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX脱氮的影响.结果表明,在投加ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]均为3mg·L^-1时,对ANAMMOX有促进作用,SAA分别提高了8.64%和7.78%;当ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]分别为20mg·L^-1和5mg·L^-1时则对ANAMMOX有抑制作用,抑制效果随重金属离子浓度增加而越发显著,指数拟合表明Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）对ANAMMOX的IC50分别为29.67mg·L^-1和28.75mg·L^-1.在投加ρ（腐殖酸）为1mg·L^-1时SAA提高了7.37%, 40mg·L^-1时抑制率即达到36.80%,线性拟合表明腐殖酸对ANAMMOX菌的IC50为58.36mg·L^-1.修正的Michaelis-Menten模型能较...     

稻田微氧层和还原层土壤有机碳矿化对氮素添加的响应

田间条件下,淹水稻田由于上覆水中溶解氧的扩散作用,使其表层土壤存在约1 cm厚的微氧层,这个特殊层次中碳氮转化的特征尚未明晰.以亚热带典型稻田土壤为对象,采用100 d室内模拟培养试验,结合¹³C稳定同位素示踪和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析技术,研究稻田土壤微氧层(0～1 cm)和还原层(1～5 cm)外源新鲜有机碳(¹³C-水稻秸秆)和原有土壤有机碳矿化对氮肥施用[(NH₄)₂SO₄]的响应规律及其微生物过程.结果表明,氮素添加使土壤总CO₂和¹³C-CO₂累积排放量分别提高11.4%和12.3%;培养结束时,氮素添加下还原层比微氧层土壤总有机碳含量和¹³C回收率分别降低2.4%和9.2%.培养前期(5 d),氮素添加提高还原层微生物总PLFAs,且细菌和真菌PLFAs响应一致,但对微氧层微生物丰度无显著影响;氮素添加对微氧层和还原层总¹³C-PLFAs丰度均无显著影响...     

Recovery of biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water

The recovery of waste substances is important not only for the prevention of environmental issues, but also for the rational utilization of natural resources. Hydrolysis reaction in sub-critical water is a promising method for the treatment of organic wastes and has been attracting worldwide attention. In this paper, sub-critical water hydrolysis was employed as a method for producing amino acids, reducing sugars, bio-oil and gas fuels from biomass wastes. The current statuses of these useful chemicals production from biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water were reviewed. The review indicates that sub-critical water hydrolysis can be an efficient process for recovering useful chemicals from biomass wastes. This method is renewable, sustainable, efficient, and safe for the environment.