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721.
Analysis of the relationship between ambient levels of O3, NO2 and NO as a function of NOx in the UK
Monitoring data from the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O3), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a function of NOx, for levels ranging from those typical of UK rural sites to those observed at polluted urban kerbside sites. Particular emphasis is placed on establishing how the level of ‘oxidant’, OX (taken to be the sum of O3 and NO2) varies with the level of NOx, and therefore to gain some insight into the atmospheric sources of OX, particularly at polluted urban locations. The analyses indicate that the level of OX at a given location is made up of NOx-independent and NOx-dependent contributions. The former is effectively a regional contribution which equates to the regional background O3 level, whereas the latter is effectively a local contribution which correlates with the level of primary pollution. The local oxidant source has probable contributions from (i) direct NO2 emissions, (ii) the thermal reaction of NO with O2 at high NOx, and (iii) common-source emission of species which promote NO to NO2 conversion. The final category may include nitrous acid (HONO), which appears to be emitted directly in vehicle exhaust, and is potentially photolysed to generate HOx radicals on a short timescale throughout the year at southern UK latitudes. The analyses also show that the local oxidant source has significant site-to-site variations, and possible reasons for these variations are discussed. Relationships between OX and NOx, based on annual mean data, and fitted functions describing the relative contributions to OX made by NO2 and O3, are used to define expressions which describe the likely variation of annual mean NO2 as a function of NOx at 14 urban and suburban sites, and which can take account of possible changes in the regional background of O3. 相似文献
722.
David M. Hartley David E. Funke 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(6):1589-1595
ABSTRACT: A “synthetic paired basin” technique that combines hydrologic monitoring and watershed modeling proves to be a useful tool in detecting hydrologic change in creeks draining basins undergoing urbanization. In this approach, measured stream flow following subbasin treatment (a period of urbanization) is compared with flow from a control subbasin over the same time period. The control subbasin is the pretreatment subbasin itself as represented by a well‐calibrated hydrologic model that is input with post‐treatment meteorological data. The technique is illustrated for stream monitoring sites at the outlets of two high‐resource sub‐basins in the Bear Creek basin of King County, Washington. Application of this technique holds promise to provide earlier warning of cumulative, human impacts on aquatic resources and to better inform adaptive watershed management for resource protection. 相似文献
723.
724.
对2个典型酸雨地区森林土壤样品中不同形态的铝进行了检测,结果表明:两地土壤中无定形铝和有机结合铝占主导地位,弱有机结合铝和可交换铝的含量相对较低(约为10%).有机配位体会减弱铝的交换能力,而且这些有机铝配合物大部分是强有机结合态铝;Al3+对其他碱基阳离子有较强的置换能力.土壤的酸度增大,可交换铝和弱有机结合铝的含量增高,不同土层中可交换铝和弱有机结合铝的垂直变化与相应的pH变化相一致.用复合草酸铵法提取无定形和有机态铝的方法机理尚待进一步研究. 相似文献
725.
苯基周位酸生产废水处理试验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用CHA-111大孔吸附树脂对苯基周位酸生产过程排放的汽提苯胺盐析废水和苯基周位酸酸析母液进行处理试验,效果良好。汽提苯胺盐析废水苯胺质量浓度>1600mg/L,经树脂吸附处理后苯胺质量浓度<2mg/L,苯胺去除率>99.9%,COD去除率>97%,树脂工作吸附量达120g/L,脱附率>98%;苯基周位酸酸析母液经树脂吸附、混凝沉淀处理后,苯基周位酸质量浓度<190mg/L,苯基周位酸去除率为94.8%,COD去除率为94.3%,氨基值去除率为80%,脱附率>99%。 相似文献
726.
柠檬酸清洁生产工艺的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
分析了传统檬酸生产工艺存在的污染问题,提出了在柠檬酸生产过程中采用清洁生产技术的各种途径。 相似文献
727.
钛白废酸固液分离与综合利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了湖南株洲化工集团有限责任公司钛白废酸固液分离与综合利用工艺。将钛白废酸固液分离后得到的清废酸用作磷肥生产用硫酸稀释液、钛白酸解工序硫酸稀释液和板框浸取液,取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
728.
柠檬酸生产废水处理技术 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
分析了柠檬酸生产废水的来源及水质特性,综述了厌氧生物法、厌氧-好氧生物组合法、乳状液膜法等在柠檬酸废水处理中的应用,介绍了中和废水回用和利用柠檬酸发酵废液开发糖化酶制剂的技术。 相似文献
729.
730.
Richard Gattin Alain Copinet Celine Bertrand Yves Couturier 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2001,9(1):11-17
The degradation of starch- and polylactic acid-based plastic films by microorganisms extracted from compost was studied in a liquid medium. The various degradation products produced were measured throughout the duration of the experiment, and total carbon balances were estimated. For an easily biodegradable material, the evolution of the way carbon repartitioned between different degradation products was quite similar whatever the experimental condition or the type of substrate. On the other hand, for a resistant material exposed to these microorganisms, the nature of the biodegradation depended strongly on the experimental conditions. In the latter case, a differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the importance of the applied norm on the state of the residual material. The consequences for improved methods of estimation of biodegradability of these materials are discussed. 相似文献