Vitamins,folic acid and neural tube defects: Comments on investigations in the United States

No clear answer concerning whether multivitamin/folate supplementation prevents neural tube defects (NTDs) is provided by three studies in the United States. All these studies are occurrence in nature, no recurrence studies having been conducted. The Atlanta Birth Defects Study is subject to pronounced memory and recall biases, the length between event and interview being as long as 16 years. In a second study (Boston University), objections can be raised to certain aspects of the experimental design, and the claim that 22 per cent of women started vitamins sufficiently early after pregnancy diagnosis to influence NTD formation is suspicious. Our NICHD case control study of 541 women in California and Illinois revealed no evidence for multivitamins or folic acid preventing NTDs. U.S. public policy-makers face difficulties in applying results of recurrence or occurrence studies in high-risk areas to low-risk areas in the U.S.     

湿法烟气脱硫添加剂的试验研究

采用我校自主设计研制的水浴脱硫设备,以石灰石为脱硫剂,通过模拟烟气净化冷态模型试验研究了甲酸,乙酸,已二酸,草酸作为有机添加剂对湿法烟气脱硫的影响,并讨论了其机理.试验结果表明,有机酸添加剂能减缓脱硫液pH值的降低过程,能在较低的pH值时得到较高的脱硫率.实验结果为有机添加剂在湿法脱硫中的应用提供了理论依据.     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

国内外城市绿脉规划实践初探

在城市化的进程中,城市发展与生态环境建设之间的矛盾日益突出。绿脉规划作为保证城市可持续发展的一种有效手段正逐步融入到城市规划中。城市绿脉规划不但对自然资源起到保护作用,满足人们的休闲娱乐的需要,恢复并保存了有价值的文化资源,还对城市空间布局和城市生态环境建设具有引导作用。文章列举了美国、欧洲和亚洲的部分特大型城市绿脉规划的实践经验,以及我国城市在绿脉规划方面的尝试。最后,对绿脉规划过程中需要注意的问题进行了讨论并提出建议。     

现阶段城市物流绿色化发展趋势的动因与对策研究

城市物流形成绿色化发展趋势的主要动因在于汽车运输业的迅速发展及其给城市环境与人们生活质量所造成的巨大影响上.二战以后,汽车运输业的迅速发展和在给社会提供迅速、便捷与准确服务的同时,也给城市的环境造成了严重的负面影响;尤其是由于城市路网和货物运输中心等基础设施既落后且缺乏科学的规划,无形中更加剧了城市物流与城市环境保护之间的矛盾.为实现城市物流的绿色化发展,实践中就有必要合理规划城市物流系统、通过多式联运以尽量降低卡车运输量的比例、积极应用信息技术以推进和实现物流管理的智能化、发展第三方物流实现共同配送.     

2500 m3多级内循环(MIC)厌氧反应器在柠檬酸废水处理工程中的应用

MIC反应器是在UASB反应器的基础上发展起来的第三代厌氧反应器,它具有效率高、能耗低、投资少、占地省等优点。作者所在单位自行研制、安装、调试的生产规模2500m3MIC反应器用于处理高浓度柠檬酸生产废水,经过两年多的启动和实际运行,在水力停留时间12.5h,COD有机负荷12kg·m-3·d-1时,COD去除率仍始终在90%左右。     

控制室内污染发展绿色建筑

本文介绍由于居室装修而导致室内空气污染，论述了治理室内环境污染的途径，及绿色建筑是建筑业的发展方向。     

模拟酸露对植物影响的实验

模拟酸露对植物影响的实验结果表明，用酸露处理后，蚕豆的生理指标发生一定的变化，尤以ｐＨ１３．０时的变化较明显，显示了模拟酸露对植物的伤害作用。     

光电化学法处理水体中腐殖酸的初步研究

结合９０年代欧美学者提出了高级化学氧化过程（Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ，ＡＯＰ）原理，提出了并建立了一套光电化学联用的新用于处理难以生物降解的腐殖酸废水，实验表明，在通电１ｈ加光条件下（Ｉ＝０．２Ａ）总有碳（ＴＯＣ）去除率达到９０％，色度去除率达到９５％。     

煤矸石制取聚羟基氯化铝的研究

介绍了用煤矸石制取聚羟基氯化铝的方法,研究了酸浸、调整盐基度等过程的最佳工艺过程。