无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐废水中的锶

本实验研究表明,仅用截留分子量为1000的无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐模拟溶液中的锶,分离效果并不理想.为提高陶瓷纳滤膜对锶的选择分离效果,选择了分子量为3000的聚丙烯酸作为陶瓷纳滤膜分离的强化剂,重点探讨了溶液pH值、聚丙烯酸浓度、温度及离子强度对模拟溶液盐分离效果和膜通量的影响,并得到了适宜的锶钠分离条件.实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,通过聚丙烯酸强化和两级分离,陶瓷纳滤膜可大大提高模拟溶液中锶离子的选择分离效果,锶/钠的分离因子高达205.     

施加磷元素后对小麦抗重金属铜毒性的影响

将小麦幼苗放在含有不同浓度磷元素（1 mmol/L和10 mmol/L）和铜元素（0.16μmol/L、100μmol/L和1 mmol/L）的培养液中处理12 h后,观察植物体内铜元素的含量、叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸循环的变化.结果表明,当培养液中施加的铜元素浓度相同时,施加较高浓度的磷（10 mmol/L）能促进植物根部吸收和积累铜,并能促进铜元素从根部向地上部的运输.此外,实验结果还表明,当培养液中都含有较少量的铜（0.16μmol/L）元素时,比较磷浓度对植物体内生理反应的影响时,发现在含有高浓度磷的培养液中培养的小麦体内的受到较少的膜质过氧化损伤,光合色素的含量保持稳定.但是,当培养液中有较高浓度的铜元素（100μmol/L和1 mmol/L）时,施加高浓度的磷反而加剧了植物体内的膜质过氧化损伤和引起光合色素的分解,从而不利于植物正常的生长发育.     

Study of oil-water partitioning of a chemical dispersant using an acute bioassay with marine crustaceans

The toxicity of seawater dispersions of a chemical dispersant to two marine crustaceans was investigated in the presence and absence of various quantities of a non-toxic mineral oil. From the results and a physical-chemical partitioning analysis, a limiting value of the oil-water partition coefficient of the toxic compounds is deduced suggesting that essentially all of the toxic compounds in the dispersant will partition into solution in water following dispersant application to an oil spill. This conclusion simplifies interpretation and prediction of the toxic effects of a dispersed oil spill.The combined bioassay-partitioning procedure may have applications to the study of the toxicity of other complex mixtures such as industrial effluents.     

玉米秸秆化学预处理后进行厌氧干发酵试验的研究

采用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠处理玉米秸秆,分析秸秆纤维组成和纤维结构的变化,并对酸、碱处理后的玉米秸秆进行厌氧干发酵试验。研究表明,采用稀酸处理玉米秸秆的还原糖产率明显高于采用稀碱处理的玉米秸秆;稀硫酸对半纤维素的去除率可达74.27%,稀碱对木质素的去除率最高可达83.94%;玉米秸秆经稀酸处理和稀碱处理后进行厌氧干发酵试验,其累积产气率和甲烷含量都有所提高,但酸法高于碱法。     

Acid deposition critical loads modeling for the simulation of sulfur exceedance and reduction in Guangdong, China

The current acid deposition critical loads in Guangdong, China were calculated using the PROFILE model with a 3 km × 3 km resolution. Calculations were carried out for critical loads of potential acidity, actual acidity, sulfur and nitrogen, with values in extents of 0–3.5, 0–14.0, 0–26.0 and 0–3.5 kmol/(hm2·year), respectively. These values were comparable to previously reported results and reflected the influences of vegetation and soil characteristics on the soil acid buffering capacity. Simulations of S...     

Sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) during a fifteen-day test

The test was designed to assess the toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during 15 d with concentrations of MTBE from high (2.00×104 mg/L) to low (2 mg/L). The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was 1.00×104-2.00×104 mg/L (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurring on day 1-5). Low concentrations (2-500 mg/L) stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% when the concentration of MTBE was 50-100 mg/L on day 3-5. The low concentrations may lead to an algal bloom owing to overabundance, which represents an aquatic ecological risk. However, the stimulatory effect occurred only during the day 1-5 and disappeared gradually during the day 13-15. The toxicity of MTBE (72-120 h EC50) is 6.65×103-9.58×103 mg/L for C. ellipsoidea and that is 1.14×104-2.00×104 mg/L for A. spiroides. We found that the toxicity and ecological risk of MTBE for the algal community structure were low. The toxicity was influenced by the duration of the test. We suggest that the duration of the test should not be shorter than half a life-cycle.     

铂/铑二元针织网在云天化硝酸生产中的应用

新研制的铂铑二元针织网与三元针织网相比,具有编织工艺先进、比表面积大、重量轻、强度高、活化性能好、氨转化率高、铂损失小、使用寿命长等优点,在硝酸生产中已投入使用。通过在云天化股份有限公司的硝酸生产应用实践,总结出了实现铂网高效、低耗及有效回收铂金属的关键技术和方法,指出这些关键技术和方法的有效实施对提高硝酸产能以及节能、降耗、减排等的重要意义。     

取代芳烃对呆鲦鱼急性毒性的QSAR研究

应用密度泛函方法(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上全优化计算25个取代芳烃的量子化学参数,结合疏水性参数与化合物对呆鲦鱼的急性毒性进行定量构效关系研究(QSAR)。经逐步回归筛选变量后,所建多元线性回归方程的相关系数R及去一法交互检验复相关系数R2cv分别为0.967和0.907。用预测集样本进行了外部预测,所得外部预测样本复相关系数R2ext和外部预测集交互检验Q2ext分别为0.881和0.836。模型结果显示:分子疏水性参数logP较大时具有较大的脂溶性,化合物的毒性较大;取代基的吸电子能力越强,苯环的正电性越大,化合物的毒性越大。     

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and bioavailability of the pollutants. We report investigation on the binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid (C2), octanoic acid (C8) and dodecanoic acid (C12) by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. Two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, were employed in the displacement measurement to study fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations made by the three approaches are very similar. HSA did not show any change in either fluorescence or electrochemistry after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential fashion, indicative of independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio is 3.1×106 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site I, 1.1×107 L/mol and 1 with Site II, and 7.0×104 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site. The measurement with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.     

以FA与FNA为控制因子的短程硝化启动与维持

为了实现污泥消化液旁侧脱氮,降低主处理区进水氮负荷,试验采用A/O工艺研究消化污泥脱水液短程硝化启动与维持,在常温、长SRT、较高DO条件下,逐步提高进水ALR(以N计)从0.23 kg/(m³·d)到0.78　kg/(m³·d),强化FA对NOB的抑制作用,成功启动了短程硝化.针对废水碱度不足的水质特征,利用FA与FNA的联合抑制使短程硝化得到稳定维持,在稳定运行的30　d内NO^-₂-N积累率一直保持在90%以上.在此期间反应器平均DO浓度一直保持在2 mg/L以上,即使平均DO浓度提高到4.8 mg/L左右,也未出现NO^-₂-N积累率降低,说明利用上述手段维持的短程硝化具有抵抗高DO冲击能力.通过降低进水ALR,导致反应器后段FNA浓度增加,强化了FNA的抑制作用,虽然FA的抑制作用降低,短程硝化仍然连续运行达2个月,当反应器后段FNA的抑制作用撤除后,短程硝化在3　d后被彻底破坏,充分证明了FNA对NOB抑制作用及其对维持本系统短程硝化所起的重要作用.