Effects of ozonation and coagulation on effluent organic matter characteristics and ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Effluent organic matter （EfOM） is the major cause of fouling in the low pressure membranes process for wastewater reuse. Coagulation and oxidation of biological wastewater treatment effluent have been applied for the fouling control of microfiltration membranes. However, the change in EfOM structure by pre-treatments has not been clearly identified. The changes of EfOM characteristics induced by coagulation and ozonation were investigated through size exclusion chromatography, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry and titrimetric analysis to identify the mechanisms in the reduction of ultrafiltration （UF） membrane fouling. The results indicated that reduction of flux decline by coagulation was due to modified characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. Total concentration of DOC was not reduced by ozonation. However, the mass fraction of the molecules with molecular weight larger than 5 kDa, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, highly condensed chromophores, average molecular weight and soluble microbial byproducts decreased greatly after ozonation. These results indicated that EfOM was partially oxidized by ozonation to low molecular weight, highly charged compounds with abundant electron- withdrawing functional groups, which are favourable for alleviating UF membrane flux decline.     

硫酸铵和硝酸铵对镇江市大气PM2.5理化性质的影响

近年来,无机盐尤其是硝酸盐对我国大气PM_2.5的贡献日益凸显,而其如何影响颗粒物的重要理化性质尚待深入研究.于2021年1~12月期间,在镇江市开展了连续观测,获得了大气PM_2.5中硫酸铵［（NH₄）₂SO₄）］和硝酸铵（NH₄NO₃）浓度,系统讨论了二者对颗粒物消光、吸湿增长和酸度的影响.结果表明,2021年镇江市ρ［（NH₄）₂SO₄］和ρ（NH₄NO₃）的年均值分别为（6.5±4.5）μg ·m^-3和（15.0±13.3）μg ·m^-3,对PM_2.5浓度的平均贡献率分别为（20.5±18.2）%和（34.5±18.4）%;PM_2.5的总消光系数为（224.5±194.2） Mm^-1,其中NH₄NO₃的贡献率为（40.1±20.9）%,（NH₄）₂SO₄为（19.1±10.8）%;（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃是PM_2.5吸湿增长的主要贡献者,在污染条件下NH₄NO₃对颗粒物液态水的贡献率为（53.8±13.4）%~（61.6±14.6）%;NH₄NO₃是未来镇江市能见度和空气质量改善的关键污染物,但削减NH₄NO₃前体物可能会导致颗粒物酸度增加,尤其对春冬季节颗粒物酸度的影响较为明显.研究结果对理解空气质量变化及二次影响具有重要意义,并对镇江市空气质量的持续改善提供了重要参考.