A new process to improve short-chain fatty acids and bio-methane generation from waste activated sludge

As an important intermediate product, short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) can be generated after hydrolysis and acidification from waste activated sludge, and then can be transformed to methane during anaerobic digestion process. In order to obtain more SCFA and methane,most studies in literatures were centered on enhancing the hydrolysis of sludge anaerobic digestion which was proved as un-efficient. Though the alkaline pretreatment in our previous study increased both the hydrolysis and acidification processes, it had a vast chemical cost which was considered uneconomical. In this paper, a low energy consumption pretreatment method, i.e. enhanced the whole three stages of the anaerobic fermentation processes at the same time, was reported, by which hydrolysis and acidification were both enhanced, and the SCFA and methane generation can be significantly improved with a small quantity of chemical input. Firstly, the effect of different pretreated temperatures and pretreatment time on sludge hydrolyzation was compared. It was found that sludge pretreated at 100°C for 60 min can achieve the maximal hydrolyzation. Further, effects of different initial p Hs on acidification of the thermal pretreated sludge were investigated and the highest SCFA was observed at initial p H 9.0with fermentation time of 6 d, the production of which was 348.63 mg COD/g VSS(6.8 times higher than the blank test) and the acetic acid was dominant acid. Then, the mechanisms for this new pretreatment significantly improving SCFA production were discussed. Finally,the effect of this low energy consumption pretreatment on methane generation was investigated.     

Efficient treatment of azo dye containing wastewater in a hybrid acidogenic bioreactor stimulated by biocatalyzed electrolysis

In this study, a novel scaled-up hybrid acidogenic bioreactor(HAB) was designed and adopted to evaluate the performance of azo dye(acid red G, ARG) containing wastewater treatment. Principally, HAB is an acidogenic bioreactor coupled with a biocatalyzed electrolysis module. The effects of hydraulic retention time(HRT) and ARG loading rate on the performance of HAB were investigated. In addition, the influent was switched from synthetic wastewater to domestic wastewater to examine the key parameters for the application of HAB. The results showed that the introduction of the biocatalyzed electrolysis module could enhance anoxic decolorization and COD(chemical oxygen demand) removal. The combined process of HAB-CASS presented superior performance compared to a control system without biocatalyzed electrolysis(AB-CASS). When the influent was switched to domestic wastewater, with an environment having more balanced nutrients and diverse organic matters, the ARG, COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies of HAB-CASS were further improved, reaching 73.3% ± 2.5%, 86.2% ± 3.8% and 93.5% ± 1.6% at HRT of 6 hr, respectively, which were much higher than those of AB-CASS(61.1% ± 4.7%,75.4% ± 5.0% and 82.1% ± 2.1%, respectively). Moreover, larger TCV/TV(total cathode volume/total volume) for HAB led to higher current and ARG removal. The ARG removal efficiency and current at TCV/TV of 0.15 were 39.2% ± 3.7% and 28.30 ± 1.48 m A,respectively. They were significantly increased to 62.1% ± 2.0% and 34.55 ± 0.83 m A at TCV/TV of 0.25. These results show that HAB system could be used to effectively treat real wastewater.     

The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge

As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, Zn^2 +, and K⁺ which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and K⁺ could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.     

生物洗涤和化学吸收组合工艺处理污水厂臭气工程试验研究

目前臭气处理技术发展趋于组合工艺方向,兼顾技术和经济可行性。研究采用生物洗涤和化学吸收组合工艺,在城市污水处理厂开展除臭工程试验。试验分2个阶段进行:第一阶段,启动运行生物洗涤塔,考察生物洗涤塔对H_2S和NH_3的处理效果,并研究生物洗涤塔中活性污泥吸收液成分及性状;第二阶段,在继续运行生物洗涤塔的基础上,启动运行化学吸收塔,考察整个双塔系统对H_2S和NH_3的处理效果。在此基础上开展机理分析和应用验证评价。研究表明除臭系统运行稳定,对H_2S和NH_3去除效果良好,达到国家排放标准。     

采用活性污泥富集与回收废水中碳源的实验研究

以活性污泥为吸附剂,研究了城市污水中的有机物的强化富集与有效回收的方法与参数.在连续运行模式下,活性污泥对废水中的有机物具有较好的富集效果,COD平均吸附率达到63%,且约50%的溶解性碳源分布在细胞外部,在温和条件下就能被解吸;对氮、磷的吸附效果差异较大,磷的吸附量可达76%,对氮的吸附量较小,氨氮吸附率仅13%.同时,实验还研究了常规 (pH=7.5, 20℃)、加热（pH=7.5, 60℃）和碱性加热（pH=11, 60℃）条件下,污泥水解对有机物、氮和磷的释放情况.结果表明,碱性加热条件更有利于碳源的释放,水解24 h后,挥发性悬浮固体（VSS）对COD的释放率达到了320 mg/g;但氮、磷的释放量有限,释放率（水解8 h,稳定）分别为18 mg/g和2 mg/g.利用活性污泥对污染物的吸附与解吸作用,能够实现废水中碳源的回收,且回收碳源中氮、磷浓度低,对回收碳源的再利用效果影响较小.     

H3PO4活化制备加拿大一枝黄花活性炭及其性能表征

本文以入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago Canadensis)为原料,采用正交试验方法,通过磷酸活化法制备高效活性炭吸附剂,研究固液比、磷酸浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能及产率的影响,结果表明:最优制备条件是磷酸浓度为40%、固液比为1∶3,活化温度为400 ℃、活化时间为60 min,此时亚甲基蓝吸...     

污泥活性炭处理染料废水的研究

采用污泥活性炭处理酸性品红模拟染料废水,研究了pH值、污泥活性炭投加量、温度、吸附时间等因素对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率的影响。探讨了污泥活性炭处理染料废水的机理。实验结果表明:污泥活性炭表现出良好的吸附性能,随着酸性品红染料废水浓度的增加,脱色率先增大后减小,COD去除率的变化曲线与脱色率的曲线呈现相似的走势,但在脱色过程中,只有部分染料分子被吸附到污泥活性炭的结构中,另一部分脱色应归因于水溶液中的氢离子吸引染料分子中的碱性助色基团;随着污泥活性炭投加量的增加,脱色率逐渐增大,COD去除率一直减小;由于染料分子中的显色基团和助色基团与废水溶液中氢离子和氢氧根离子之间的相互作用,导致pH对处理效果的影响比较明显,脱色率和COD去除率均在pH为弱酸性范围内效果比较好;随水浴时间的增加,脱色率逐渐增加,COD去除率很低并一直减小;温度的升高使脱色率先增大后减小,COD去除率整体逐渐减小。通过正交试验得到最佳工艺参数为:pH值取5,水浴时间取6.5 h,水浴温度取20℃,染料废水浓度取2.5 mg/L,活性炭投加量取2.5 g,其脱色率为47.73%,COD去除率为62.62%。     

PACT活性污泥中生物质量与粉末活性炭质量的计算和测定

本文根据活性污泥处理系统的物料平衡关系,提出PACT活性污泥中生物质量和粉末活性炭(PAC)质量的计算和测定方法.计算结果表明,曝气池混合液中PAC浓度随着PAC投加量和泥龄与水力停留时间的比值的提高而增加.通过实际测定活性污泥PAC在不同温度时的挥发量,得出三个联立方程式的基本系数,从而测得实际的PAC活性污泥试样中生物质量和PAC质量.     

用草浆造纸黑液制取活性炭

本法用酸水解炭化、ZnCl_2活化法处理草浆造纸黑液生产活性炭.结果表明,由7—8Be的草浆黑液1L可制20g左右的活性炭.活性炭的碘值>1000mg/g,亚甲基兰值>180ml/g,其主要指标已超过我国LY216-79和日本JIS K1426标准一级品的要求.提取活性炭后,黑液中COD_(Cr)去除率达72％,色度去除率达93％.残液还可作提取Na_2SO_4、糠醛的原料.     

溶剂萃取法从活性炭滤泥中回收增塑剂

本工作用溶剂萃取法从炭泥中回收增塑剂,通过小试筛选最佳的溶剂,确定工艺条件;在年产百万吨级的工业装置上进行生产性试验,结果为抽出率达炭泥量的50％以上,溶剂回收率达90％以上,回收的增塑剂产品达到部标二级品标准.