活性炭辅助微波热解污泥反应条件的试验研究

针对微波不能直接实现原污水污泥高温热解的问题,采用活性炭作为微波能吸收物质辅助污泥热解。对影响污泥热解效能的3个主要因素：污泥样品量、活性炭掺杂量和微波辐射功率,各做了3个水平的考察,得到了试验条件下的最优方案：污泥样品量30g、活性炭掺杂量6g、微波辐射功率1200W。结果表明：在最优试验方案下,污泥能在7min内升至920℃的高温,实现污泥快速、高效热解。通过分析3个因素对污泥热解效能的影响,进一步对最优试验方案下的固体产物吸收微波的性能及用其作为掺杂物辅助微波热解污水污泥的可行性进行了研究,结果表明：固体残渣吸收微波性能良好,可以代替活性炭作为更经济、高效的污泥微波热解辅助材料。     

基于活性微生物特征的供水管壁生物膜生长特性

管网生物膜由各种活性微生物、微生物残体及有机无机杂质组成,管网生物膜的生长会导致机会致病菌寄居、管道腐蚀以及水质恶化等系列饮用水卫生问题.为研究供水管壁生物膜形成过程和附着生长活性微生物的分布特征,采用异养菌平板计数(HPC)、流式细胞术(FCM)和16S rRNA高通量测序对3种典型室内供水管材:聚氯乙烯(PVC)、无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)、不锈钢(STS)内壁活性微生物的生长特性和群落多样性进行了分析.结果表明,PVC管壁生物量在第73 d最先达到峰值,3种管材内壁单位面积最大生物量、生物膜成熟时期生物量均呈现PVC PPR STS的规律. 3种管材表面活性细菌群落结构组成上,PVC管表面主要以硝化螺旋菌门为主,PPR和STS管以疣微菌门为主,其中STS管壁上生物膜物种丰富度最低、多样性最小,群落结构最简单. PVC和PPR管内壁表面相较STS管存在更多的蓝藻细菌和放线菌,在饮用水输配过程中更易引发饮用水嗅味问题.管材介质对管壁生物膜上微生物群落结构存在一定影响.     

Identification of Driver Model Parameters

The paper presents a driver model, which can be used in a computer simulation of a curved ride of a car. The identification of the driver parameters consisted in a comparison of the results of computer calculations obtained for the driver-vehicle-environment model with different driver data sets with test results of the double lane-change manoeuvre (Standard No. ISO/TR 3888:1975, International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1975) and the wind gust manoeuvre. The optimisation method allows to choose for each real driver a set of driver model parameters for which the differences between test and calculation results are smallest. The presented driver model can be used in investigating the driver-vehicle control system, which allows to adapt the car construction to the psychophysical characteristics of a driver.     

主动脉动气流分选处理废弃催化剂

废弃催化剂重整后含有富集贵金属的海绵体和烧结磁珠,二者的有效分选是提纯贵金属富集体的重要环节。主动脉动气流分选装置能够对此物料进行干法分选,避免了湿法分选对物料的改性,有利于贵金属富集体的后续提纯。介绍了主动脉动气流分选装置的结构,分析主动脉动气流分选机理及其动力学模型。通过实际物料进行分选试验。结果表明,在脉动频率为7/3 Hz,气流流速为2.50~6.00 m/s时,总分选效率Ef高于94.50%;在气流流速为3.33 m/s时,分选效率最高,总分选效率Ef可达97.63%。     

活性炭对两种生物染料脱色效果的实验研究

以颗粒状活性炭为吸附载体,对两种单体生物染料进行脱色吸附实验研究。通过实验确定出最佳优化条件：活性炭用量80g/L,溶液pH值约为5、5,溶液最佳温度为35℃,搅拌速度为150rpm／min,此时染料脱色率可达98％以上;在几种条件实验过程中,将两种染料进行对比发现：红色染料脱色率一般都比绿色染料脱色率高,而且前者一般比后者反应较敏感。同时,从活性炭的表面结构方面探讨吸附脱色机理,为活性炭深度处理印染废水的研究可提供一定的科学依据。     

Review and future of active disassembly

Disassembly has been widely accepted as a disadvantageous end-of-life activity, but with increasing pressures from directives, such as waste on electrical and electronic equipment, and with increasing pressures to become sustainable disassembly is becoming necessary. Current disassembly methods, including both manual and automated disassembly, need improvements to meet this necessity. This paper will introduce the improvements needed and suggest through literature the validity of active disassembly (AD) to provide these improvements. Past and current research will also be considered to provide a future path for AD. This future path for AD will consider a collaborative effort to solve problems with materials, environmental triggers and costs seen with AD.     

煤质活性炭在饮用水处理应用中值得探讨的问题

本文介绍了煤质活性炭在饮用水处理应用中存在的如何选择活性炭的性能指标,煤质活性炭新旧国家标准的变化及煤质活性炭的再生等值得探讨问题。本文对煤质活性炭饮用水处理的应用具有一定的意义。     

催化氧化除锰活性滤料去除地下水中双酚A性能

以催化氧化除锰活性滤料（简称“活性滤料”）为研究对象,考察了地下水中锰污染对于活性滤料去除双酚A效能的影响.结果表明,进水中含有高浓度锰（5mg/L）时,会显著降低活性滤料对于双酚A的去除能力;同时,双酚A也会降低活性滤料对锰的去处能力.双酚A脱附实验结果表明,脱附的双酚A量不足双酚A去除总量的10%,且双酚A去除过程中初期总有机碳（TOC）去除率保持在12%~25%,之后持续保持在0.1%~4%,表明活性滤料去除双酚A存在吸附过程,但是以氧化去除为主.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明,双酚A的去除会导致滤料表面微观形态改变以及新物相的生成;傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结果表明双酚A的去除会消耗滤料表面羟基基团,且表面残留络合物.本文研究分析提出活性滤料去除双酚A的主要步骤包括双酚A首先吸附到活性滤料表面形成络合物、活性滤料与表面络合物发生氧化反应,部分反应物中间体脱附3个过程.     

Identification of close relationship between atmospheric oxidation and ozone formation regimes in a photochemically active region

Understanding ozone (O₃) formation regime is a prerequisite in formulating an effective O₃ pollution control strategy. Photochemical indicator is a simple and direct method in identifying O₃ formation regimes. Most used indicators are derived from observations, whereas the role of atmospheric oxidation is not in consideration, which is the core driver of O₃ formation. Thus, it may impact accuracy in signaling O₃ formation regimes. In this study, an advanced three-dimensional numerical modeling system was used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and O₃ formation regimes during a long-lasting O₃ exceedance event in September 2017 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. We discovered a clear relationship between atmospheric oxidative capacity and O₃ formation regime. Over eastern PRD, O₃ formation was mainly in a NO_x-limited regime when HO₂/OH ratio was higher than 11, while in a VOC-limited regime when the ratio was lower than 9.5. Over central and western PRD, an HO₂/OH ratio higher than 5 and lower than 2 was indicative of NO_x-limited and VOC-limited regime, respectively. Physical contribution, including horizontal transport and vertical transport, may pose uncertainties on the indication of O₃ formation regime by HO₂/OH ratio. In comparison with other commonly used photochemical indicators, HO₂/OH ratio had the best performance in differentiating O₃ formation regimes. This study highlighted the necessities in using an atmospheric oxidative capacity-based indicator to infer O₃ formation regime, and underscored the importance of characterizing behaviors of radicals to gain insight in atmospheric processes leading to O₃ pollution over a photochemically active region.