关于“正弦振动试验”现行国家标准与正在修订中的新版标准的解读

正弦振动试验是试验室经常采用的振动方式,对应正弦振动试验国家标准GB／T2423．10应用非常广泛。本文介绍了该标准的用途、制修订背景等,在此基础上分析了现行正弦振动试验国家标准GB／T2423．10—2008与正在修订的6B／T2423．10—201×之间的异同之处,并指明了此标准应用中的几点注意的问题。     

多轴载荷下结构细节疲劳强度额定值确定方法

目的提出一种在多轴载荷下确定结构细节疲劳强度额定值的方法。方法基于单轴双点法细节疲劳强度额定值(DFR)确定方法,在多轴载荷下,首先利用高周多轴疲劳损伤模型求出其等效应力幅(等效拉伸应力幅或等效剪应力幅),结合Goodman方程,把等效应力幅转换为应力比R=0.06时的最大正应力,最终确定多轴条件下的细节疲劳强度额定值。通过7075-T651铝合金薄壁管进行单轴疲劳试验,确定单轴细节疲劳强度额定值,并进行多轴疲劳试验,包括比例加载和非比例加载。结果采用该方法预测多轴载荷下的DFR值,对比单轴试验的DFR值,相对误差的绝对值在10%左右。结论该方法确定多轴条件下的结构细节疲劳强度额定值具有较好的效果。     

炼钢精炼渣气固碳酸化反应吸附CO2

采用炼钢精炼渣,通过气固碳酸化反应吸附CO₂,考察了不同吸附温度下精炼渣对纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的吸附能力。实验结果表明：吸附温度对精炼渣吸附CO₂反应有显著的影响,升高温度可以提高精炼渣对CO₂的吸附能力;在400 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量分别为4.7 mg/g和9.8 mg/g;吸附温度升高到500 ℃和550 ℃时,精炼渣对纯CO₂的吸附能力强于高炉煤气中CO₂;在550 ℃时,精炼渣吸附纯CO₂和模拟高炉煤气中CO₂的量达到最高,分别为14.7 mg/g和12.9 mg/g。     

水分管理对水稻生长与根际激发效应的影响特征

作物根际沉积碳输入而引起的根际激发效应,对农田土壤碳排放通量和碳平衡起到关键的调控作用.在稻田生态系统中,由于频繁的干湿交替,土壤CO₂和CH₄排放以及根际激发效应明显有别于其他自然生态系统.因此,明确稻田生态系统干湿交替过程中水稻根际激发效应的方向与强度,对于减缓稻田温室气体排放具有重要意义.本研究采用¹³C-CO₂连续标记法,结合盆栽试验,研究干湿交替和持续淹水条件下,水稻生长以及根际激发效应的响应特征.结果表明,相对于持续淹水处理,干湿交替处理使水稻地上部和根系生物量以及根冠比显著提高,并增加了土壤微生物生物量.持续淹水条件下,¹³CO₂和¹³CH₄排放通量随水稻生长由10.2 μg·（kg·h）^-1和2.8 μg·（kg·h）^-1（63 d）增加到16.0 μg·（kg·h）^-1和3.2 μg·（kg·h）^-1（75 d）.而在干湿交替条件下,经过12 d的落干处理¹³CO₂和¹³CH₄排放通量分别降低了57.5%和88.1%.持续淹水条件下,CO₂和CH₄的根际激发效应表现为正激发效应,而且随水稻的生长而增加.而干湿交替处理下,经过12 d的落干处理,CO₂和CH₄的根际激发效应分别由0.29 mg·（kg·h）^-1和12.3 μg·（kg·h）^-1（63 d）降低到-0.39 mg·（kg·h）^-1和0.07 μg·（kg·h）^-1（75 d）.因此,干湿交替处理,能有效促进水稻生长和降低CH₄的累计排放量.合理地田间水分管理对于提高水稻产量和降低温室气体排放具有重要意义.     

电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测空气中含硫化合物

建立电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中10种含硫化合物的方法。经考察不同采样容器、优化预处理条件、研究样品保存等获得了最佳实验条件,并通过实际样品的测定,考察了方法的适用性。结果表明:硫化氢、甲硫醇和乙硫醇3种高活性含硫化合物校准曲线线性回归系数在0.990以上,另外7种含硫化合物在0.995以上;高、中、低空白加标样品相对标准偏差均为9.5%以内,乙硫醇由于具有高活性和吸附性,低浓度空白加标回收率为63%,其余组分回收率范围为83%~110%;当进样体积为400 mL时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.2×10^-3~1.1×10^-3 mg/m³。分析污水处理厂无组织排放监控点的空气结果显示,该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能较好地满足目前监测工作的要求。     

配式钢混拱桥钢板加固立柱节点抗震研究

为研究装配式钢筋混凝土拱桥腹孔墩柱节点在地震荷载作用下的力学性能和破坏机理,通过拟静力试验和数值模拟计算,对比分析了立柱节点未加固、钢板加固两种情况下的抗震性能.设计制作8mm的钢板加固试件,采用拟静力试验得到试件的滞回曲线、等效阻尼比、初始刚度、荷载-位移骨架曲线作为衡量结构的耗能能力的指标.建立了装配式钢筋混凝土拱...     

Investigation of long-term river water quality variations using different urbanization indices and assessment of common scientific perspectives of urbanization on water quality

This study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite-nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann-Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution.     

A discussion to promote global sustainability techniques for motivating plastic waste to minimize carbon footprints

This paper emphasizes the significant challenges facing the sustainable environment, including managing and handling plastic waste and reducing carbon footprints. To tackle these challenges, it is essential to identify people's awareness levels of waste handling techniques and their pro-environmental behaviors. The study focuses on Guwahati, one of the most important cities in Northeast India, which generates increasing plastic waste daily. The paper aims to identify the factors contributing to the reduction of carbon footprints resulting from plastic waste management activities. The data collected from 1326 respondents was analyzed using factor analysis, and the reliability of the dataset was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (0.84 for the awareness level of waste management techniques and 0.780 for the prevalent mode of plastic waste management techniques). KMO (0.796), Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < 0.001), and determinant score (0.019) were used to assess the data adequacy and factorability of the dataset, and the results were found to be satisfactory. Principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and varimax orthogonal rotation method were used to identify high-loaded factors by reducing the number of variables. The results showed that two highly loaded components, namely awareness level of waste management techniques (AWMT) and prevalent mode of plastic waste management techniques (PWMT), explained 27.53% and 24.34% of the total variance, respectively, with eigenvalues of 3.35 and 2.88. The regression model confirmed the statistical significance of these factors (p < 0.001) and their relationship with the dependent variable, greenhouse reduction (GHGR). The study proposes that minimizing carbon footprints in the environment can be achieved by focusing on a limited number of controllable factors such as AWMT and PWMT. This study provides valuable insights to the authorities in controlling waste generation and achieving a pollution-free environment.     

软锰矿浆烟气脱硫反应器试验研究

研究了喷射鼓泡反应器 (JBR)的桨叶直径、桨叶埋深和气体喷射管分布等结构参数对脱硫率和锰浸出率的影响 ,从而优化了反应器结构。     

民机适航噪声横向衰减特性分析及飞行试验研究

目的 进行民机适航噪声横向衰减建模及特性研究。方法 对民机适航噪声横向衰减工程模型进行分析,建立其主要影响因素的计算模型,基于模型设计等效飞行试验方法,以及试验数据设计横向衰减分析流程,通过某型国产民机噪声飞行试验,对横向衰减特性及模型进行分析。结果 民机适航的横向噪声受声传播效应、地面散射效应和动力装置/机体噪声安装效应等影响较大,声传播效应和地面散射效应分别对高频和低频成分具有显著影响,动力装置/机体噪声安装效应导致的噪声指向性差异也是影响横向衰减的主要因素。对于民机适航噪声评价量,横向衰减模型能够得到与飞行试验结果趋势一致的结果,但工程应用中仍需通过飞行试验进行修正。结论 提出的民机适航噪声横向衰减影响因素的量化计算模型以及等效飞行试验方法,可用于国产民机低噪声设计、噪声适航审定和机场周围噪声污染计算,服务于国产民机设计及适航取证。