电弧流溶胞技术促进污泥厌氧消化

为提高污水厂处理污泥时的厌氧消化速率,利用电弧流溶胞技术处理剩余污泥,研究电弧流溶胞技术对污泥破解预处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,与未经预处理的污泥相比,电弧流溶胞处理能够明显提高污泥厌氧消化效率,增加有机物含量和沼气产量.其中,经处理后的污泥TS、VS剩余量分别降低了8.3%和6.3%,COD增加了11.9%.厌氧系统平均产气量平均增加79.76 L/d,增加率45.82%,甲烷含量增加1.03 L/d,增加率102%.由此说明,电弧流溶胞技术可以提高厌氧消化反应中有机物的去除率,有效促进厌氧消化中污泥的水解过程,显著增加甲烷气体的产生量.在综合考虑运行费用和污泥消化效果的前提下,采取适宜的电弧流强化处理措施有一定的积极意义.     

生物膜法A/O系统处理己内酰胺废水

采用缺氧-好氧淹没式生物膜系统处理己内酰胺废水,着重探讨了碳源对硝化、反硝化的影响.研究结果表明:缺氧池进水中可生物降解COD与NO x-N的质量比必须大于3,好氧池COD负荷应小于0.98kg/(m3.d),系统才能有效地同时脱氮和去除COD.     

垃圾渗滤液的膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺述评

采用文献调研法比较评价了膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,渗滤液的水质特征(主要指COD)主要由渗滤液年龄决定,B/C值和渗滤液年龄对COD去除有重要影响。传统生物处理常采用多级组合工艺,渗滤液特性、工艺单元数、水力停留时间和有机负荷率等是影响COD去除的重要参数。近年来,MBR工艺的应用日益广泛,对于B/C值较低的老龄渗滤液,MBR工艺可获得更好的COD去除效果,也有利于废水的膜深度处理。     

低浓度TCC/TCS对废水生化处理系统的影响效应

针对TCC/TCS广泛应用于洗涤化妆用品行业,同时带来对废水生化处理系统的毒性问题,采用混凝—厌氧—好氧处理工艺,研究TCC/TCS对生化处理系统的影响效应,并探讨系统的调控反馈机制,对于这类废水的处理工艺设计、工艺调控具有较高的参考价值。     

一种新的好氧反硝化菌筛选方法的建立及新菌株的发现

利用间歇曝气富集,氰化钾(KCN)选择培养基筛选好氧反硝化的细菌,通过形态学特征、生理生化反应及16SrDNA同源性比较对筛得菌株进行鉴定,并对其好氧反硝化相关基因napA进行扩增并测序比较.筛选到一株可以柠檬酸钠为碳源,硝酸钾为氮源,进行好氧反硝化的细菌.在溶解氧(DO)为(9.0±0.5)mg/L的培养基中,该菌株5 d内将硝态氮由282.0 mg L-1降解至149.2 mg L-1,其硝态氮去除率为46.47 ng mg-1min-1,同时亚硝态氮仅有少量的积累.经鉴定,初步判定它为假单胞菌属,命名为Pseudomonas sp.Y2-1-1.从其基因组中扩增出与好氧反硝化相关的周质硝酸盐还原酶(NAR)的亚基napA基因,并与已报道的napA基因进行Blast比较,发现具有较大差别.利用间歇曝气富集,氰化钾(KCN)选择培养基筛选好氧反硝化的细菌是非常有效的.初步认为Pseudomonas sp.Y2-1-1是一株新的好氧反硝化菌.图6表3参12     

氨氮浓度对马铃薯加工废水厌氧消化的影响

为考察氨氮浓度对中温厌氧消化处理马铃薯加工废水的影响,通过批式实验,探究该类废水厌氧消化处理的氨氮抑制阈值。结果表明：氨氮浓度为3 000 mg·L⁻¹ (TAN≈3 659 mg·L⁻¹)时,累积产甲烷量降低至276.1 mL·g⁻¹且出现产甲烷迟滞期;氨氮浓度为4 000 mg·L⁻¹ (TAN≈4 468 mg·L⁻¹)时,累积产甲烷量仅为对照组的39.2%,迟滞期明显延长了7.2 d;高浓度氨氮抑制造成了以丙酸为主的VFAs积累和有机物(蛋白质等)降解不完全,这是COD去除率下降的主要原因;VFAs作为氨氮抑制发生时COD的主要组分,其积累可作为马铃薯加工废水厌氧消化过程发生氨氮抑制的指示因子;马铃薯加工废水中温厌氧消化的氨氮阈值约为3 000 mg·L⁻¹。该结果可为马铃薯加工废水的高效处理与资源化利用提供参考。     

水热+厌氧消化对污泥碳、氮、磷溶出的影响

研究了水热预处理和厌氧消化联合作用时温度对污泥中碳、氮、磷溶出的影响。结果表明:水热处理温度越高越有利于污泥中碳氮磷的溶出,当水热温度为200 ℃时,SCODCr的溶出率较原泥提高了5.9倍;氨氮和总氮的溶出率分别提高了7.2和8.7倍;磷酸根和总磷的溶出率分别提高了0.2和6.1倍。厌氧消化后污泥中碳磷浓度下降,而氮浓度上升。厌氧消化后累积产气量与水热温度有关:当温度为160 ℃时,最大累积产甲烷量为12 223 L/mg-CO D C H 4 (以每mg COD的产甲烷量计),较原泥提高了14.5倍。根据试验结果,提出了从水热和厌氧消化污泥中回收氮磷的策略,即水热处理污泥后可在污泥清液中投加镁源进行磷的回收,厌氧消化中溶出的氮可通过加入吸附材料进行吸附回收。在污泥中氮磷资源回收的同时,可通过水热过程提高污泥厌氧过程中累积产甲烷量。     

Biodegradation of paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium isolated from industrially contaminated sediment

Biodegradability of the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol by a microbial consortium in which Pseudomonas was the predominant strain was investigated in batch culture. The consortium which had been isolated from an industrially contaminated sediment was proven to be useful for the treatment of effluents containing paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol was degraded by the pure isolated strain of Pseudomonas sp. as well as the microbial consortium. Paclobutrazol was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sixty percent of the paclobutrazol was degraded by the microbial consortium from an initial concentration of 54 mg L^?1 within 48 h and more than 98% of an initial concentration of 3.4 mg L^?1 was degraded within 36 h. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30°C and 7.0, respectively. A pure strain of a bacterium, isolated from the enrichment culture was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The microbial consortium was tolerant of high pH and could degrade paclobutrazol faster than the pure strain. The degradation rate of this plant growth regulator in an aerobic environment was greater than that under anaerobic conditions.     

Roles of acid-producing bacteria in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

Three acid-producing strains, AFB-1, AFB-2 and AFB-3, were isolated during this study, and their roles in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) were evaluated. Data of 16S rRNA method showed that AFB-1 and AFB-2 were Bacillus coagulans, and AFB-3 was Escherichia coli. The removal in terms of volatile solids (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) was maximized at 42.7% and 44.7% by inoculating Bacillus coagulans AFB-1. Besides, the optimal inoculum concentration of Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 was 30% (v/v). Solubilization degree experiments indicated that solubilization ratios (SR) of WAS reached 20.8%±2.2%, 17.7%±1.48%, and 11.1%±1.53%. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations and compositions were also explored with a gas chromatograph. The results showed that VFAs improved by 98.5%, 53.0% and 11.6% than those of the control, respectively. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiments revealed that biogas production increased by 90.7% and 75.3% when inoculating with Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 and AFB-2. These results confirmed that the isolated acid-producing bacteria, especially Bacillus coagulans, was a good candidate for anaerobic digestion of WAS.

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超声波预处理提高污泥好氧消化性能研究

为评价超声波预处理对提高污泥生物消化的作用,采用超声波预处理与好氧消化衔接,测试了污泥消化的溶解性有机物(SCOD)、TSS及蛋白酶变化过程.结果表明,污泥超声波预处理效果较好的能量密度与时间分别为12 kW/L和10 min,此时有机物释放与能量输入之比较优;在此条件下,经预处理后的污泥好氧消化性能明显比未处理的高.消化时间为10.5 d时,经超声波预处理的污泥TSS减量42.7%,而未处理的污泥仅减量20.9%.经超声波预处理后,污泥中的蛋白酶活性明显提高;同时,超声波预处理释放出较多的可溶性物质.因此,增加的可溶性物质与蛋白酶活性使得污泥迅速降解,提高了污泥好氧消化效率,缩短了污泥好氧消化时间.