西安市一次霾过程中气溶胶垂直分布特征及气象要素影响

为探讨西安市典型霾过程中的气溶胶垂直分布特征和气象要素影响,利用地面空气质量数据、CALIPSO卫星激光雷达资料以及气象要素资料,并结合HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式、天气形势分析、相关性分析等,对西安市2016年12月17-21日霾过程依据RH（相对湿度）进行干霾、湿霾和雾霾的划分,并分析不同阶段的气溶胶垂直分布特征.结果表明:前期干霾阶段,西北沙尘的输送使得高空气溶胶退偏比和色比较大,以沙尘型气溶胶为主;中期湿霾阶段,RH的增大使得低层细粒子增多,消光系数达1.7 km-1,以污染型气溶胶为主;后期干霾阶段时,低层大气中非球形粗粒子增多,以混合型气溶胶占主导.气象要素对霾过程影响较大,静风、高湿、"双逆温"效应不利于颗粒物的清除,逆温强度的变化与污染物的消长具有一定的滞后一致性.RH和ρ（PM）共同影响能见度变化,RH高于80%时,能见度由RH主导,相关系数达到-0.871;RH低于80%的污染阶段,ρ（PM）对能见度起主导作用,相关系数达0.85以上.研究显示,不同霾阶段气溶胶垂直分布特征差异较大,气象要素对霾过程的消长有重要影响.      

发电厂附近大气气溶胶元素浓度的监测

用Ｓｔｒｅａｋｅｒ时间顺序采样器在火力发电厂附近连续收集大气气溶胶样品，这些样品在２×１．７ＭＶ串列加速器上用２．５ＭｅＶ的质子进行ＰＩＸＥ分析，得到了大气气溶胶粗，细颗粒物中２１个元素浓度及其时间的短时变化，显示了主要污染源方向的信息，结果表明，元素Ｓｉ，Ｋ，Ｚｎ和Ａｓ的浓度高于北京地区冬天的水平，Ｂｒ／Ｐｂ的比值为０．１６（ｎ＝４４），高于一般地区。     

膨润土中气溶胶泄漏行为研究

气溶胶泄漏问题是各种放射性实验过程和放射性物质储存、运输过程中普遍存在的问题 ,膨润土和砂则是常用的高放处置回填材料。工作中建立了层剖取样、微波浸提、ICP AES分析的气溶胶泄漏研究方法 ,来评估膨润土和砂对气溶胶的封堵性能。结果表明 :膨润土层的透过率远小于砂层。此外 ,对膨润土和砂 ,透过率与其气体渗透系数有一定的正相关性。     

华北山区大气气溶胶浓度及其尺度谱分布的研究

1980年3月,我们在北京北部山区,用光学粒子计数器观测了“干净”地区近地层大气气溶胶浓度与尺度谱分布。发现“有霾”大气气溶胶的浓度及其尺度谱分布的变化特征具有特殊性。计算表明,三参数谱模式的拟合效果较好。     

A study on the environmental background values in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region, Tibet

A study on the elemental composition of aerosol, water and soil in the Mt. Namjagbarwa region, Tibet, was carried out in the period of 1982 to 1984. Samples of aerosol particles were collected by cascade impactor and analyzed for 10 elements by PIXE. Samples of ice, snow and water were collected and analyzed for trace metals, major cations and anions. The pH values of water were at quasi-neutrality or neutrality, and the hardness of water was low. Contents and physico-chemical composition of 20 elements in the major types of soil were determined by physico-chemical methods. Levels of elements in soil varied with soil type and their parent materials. Contents of some elements were higher in the substratum soil derived from in situ than in the surface soil. The region was in a remote area with negligible pollution and could be considered as a good location for measuring the baskground value of environmental sample.     

Competing esterification and oligomerization reactions of typical long-chain alcohols to secondary organic aerosol formation

Organosulfate (OSA) nanoparticles,as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compositions,are ubiquitous in urban and rural environments.Hence,we systemically investigated the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of 1-butanol/1-decanol (BOL/DOL) and their roles in the formation of OSA nanoparticles by using quantum chemical and kinetic calculations.The mechanism results show that the aqueous-phase reactions of BOL/DOL start from initial protonation at alcoholic OH-groups to form carbenium ...     

二甲基硫的海-气通量及其对环境的影响

综述了目前国内外对二甲基硫（DMS）的海一气通量的研究状况，指出了DMS的海一气通量受很多因素的影响。运用不同的模型计算值相差很大。此外本文着重论述DMS进入大气后被OH和NO3等自由基的氧化机化及其氧化产物对酸雨酸雾的贡献以及DMS、凝云结核（CCN）、气候 系统之间的关系。     

Elemental Composition of Urban Aerosol Collected in Florence, Italy

An extensive investigation is in progress aiming at the characterisation of the air particulate composition in Florence. For our investigation, we use the external PIXE-PIGE beam facility of the I.N.F.N. Van de Graaff accelerator at the Physics Department of the Florence University. In order to gather information on both the longer- and shorter-time trends of the aerosol elemental composition, we are analysing both long temporal series (about 1 year) of 24-h Millipore filters collected by the health authorities in 3 different sites, and filters collected simultaneously in two of the above sites for about one month, by two streakers with one-hour resolution, providing size fractionation between particle size smaller than 2.5 µm and from 2.5 µm to 10 µm. The streakers sampling period includes two days during which the Municipality of Florence has banned the circulation of non-catalytic cars, due to the increase of NO₂ above the "recommended safety values". We present here the first obtained results for the sampling site located near a heavy traffic road.     

Surface measurements of global warming causing atmospheric constituents in Korea

The expansion of the industrial economy and the increase of population in Northeast Asian countries have caused much interestin climate monitoring related to global warming. However, new techniques and better platforms for the measurement of globalwarming and regional databases are still old-fashioned and arenot being developed sufficiently. With respect to this agenda,since 1993, at the request of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), to monitor functions of global warming, theKorea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has set up a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Station on the western coast of Korea(Anmyun-do) and has been actively monitoring global warming overNortheast Asia. In addition, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) has been measured for a similar KMA global warmingprogram at Kosan, Cheju Island since 1990. Aerosol and radiationhave also been measured at both sites as well as in Seoul. Theobservations have been analyzed using diagnostics of climate change in Northeast Asia and also have been internationally compared. Results indicate that greenhouse gases are in good statistic agreement with the NOAA/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) long-term trends of monthly meanconcentrations and seasonal cycles. Atmospheric particulatematter has also been analyzed for particular Asian types interms of optical depth, number concentration and size distribution.     

宝鸡市秋冬季大气VOCs浓度特征及其O3和SOA生成潜势

2017年10月、12月在宝鸡市城区开展了共29d的挥发性有机物（VOCs）浓度在线监测,共测出102种VOCs,分别采用最大增量反应活性（MIR）系数法和气溶胶生成系数（FAC）法估算了宝鸡市各VOCs组分的臭氧生成潜势（OFPs）和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势（SOAFPs）,筛选出生成O₃与SOA活性最大的VOCs成分.结果表明：宝鸡市秋季和冬季TVOC的浓度分别为（68.62±21.85）×10^-9和（42.44±16.62）×10^-9,总OFPs分别为185.49×10^-9和126.00×10^-9,总SOAFPs分别为3.26,0.65μg/m³.秋季VOCs中含量最多的2种组分为烷烃（21.83×10^-9）和芳香烃（13.37×10^-9）,分别占TVOC的31.82%和19.49%,乙烯、反-2-戊烯和甲苯是OFPs最大的3个成分,甲苯、间/对二甲苯和乙苯是SOAFPs最大的3个成分.而在冬季,烷烃（17.34×10^-9）和炔烃（8.81×10^-9）是VOCs中含量最多的2种组分,分别占TVOC的40.85%和20.75%,乙烯、丙烯、乙炔是OFPs最大的3个成分,甲苯、间/对二甲苯、乙苯是SOAFPs最大的3个成分.优先减少烯烃和芳香烃的排放是宝鸡市秋冬季抑制O₃和SOA的形成的有效途径.