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521.
杭州市区大气气溶胶吸收系数观测研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用2011年6~8月和2011年12月~2012年2月杭州国家基准气候站内黑碳及气象观测资料,分析了杭州市区气溶胶吸收系数的变化特征.结果表明,杭州市区气溶胶吸收系数冬季[(42.3±17.7)Mm-1]要高于夏季[(35.8±10.5)Mm-1],且冬季气溶胶吸收系数变化较为剧烈.在边界层变化以及人类活动的共同影响下,气溶胶吸收系数呈现明显的双峰型日变化特征,峰值出现在07:00~09:00,谷值出现在14:00,次峰值出现在19:00~20:00.通过拟合小时平均值最大出现频率得出该地区气溶胶吸收系数本底值为24.7Mm-1.霾时气溶胶吸收系数要高于非霾时,随着霾污染的加重,气溶胶吸收系数呈现阶梯上升趋势.霾期间气溶胶吸收系数的增加是造成能见度下降的重要原因之一. 相似文献
522.
Lihui Zhang Hong Li Zhenhai Wu Weiqi Zhang Kankan Liu Xi Cheng Yujie Zhang Bin Li Yizhen Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):190-200
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were observed by an on-line gas chromatography-flame ionization detector monitoring system from November 2016 to August 2017 in Beijing.The average concentrations were winter(40.27±25.25 μg/m3)> autumn(34.25±19.90 μg/m3)> summer(32.53±17.39 μg/m3)> spring(24.72±17.22 μg/m3).Although benzene(15.70%),propane(11.02%),ethane(9.32%) and n-butane(6.77%) were the most abundant species,ethylene(14.07%) and propene(11.... 相似文献
523.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):697-707
Indoor particle release from toner printing equipment (TPE) is a major health concern and has received wide attention. In this study, nine printing centers were randomly selected and three working phases were simulated, namely, non-working, normal printing/copying, and heavy printing/copying. The dynamics of the ozone (O3), volatile organic compound (VOC), and particle emissions from TPE were determined by portable detectors. Results showed that particles, VOCs, and O3 were indeed discharged, and particles and VOCs concentrations remained at high levels. Among them, 44% of the rooms represented high-level particle releases. Submicrometer-sized particles, especially nanoparticles, were positively correlated with VOCs, but were inversely proportional to the O3 concentration. Four elements, Ca, Al, Mg and Ni, were usually present in nanoparticles because of the discharge of paper. Si, Al, K, Ni and Pb were found in the submicrometer-sized particles and were consistent with the toner composition. The potential particle precursors were identified, which suggested that styrene was the most likely secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursor. Overall, the use of the toner formulation and the discharge of paper attribute to the TPE-emitted particles, in which styrene is a specific monitoring indicator for the formation of SOA. 相似文献
524.
Surface-active organic molecules (surfactants) may influence the ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei by reducing its surface tension. One source of organic mass in aerosol particles, which may also contain surfactants, is bubble bursting on the sea surface. In order to directly compare these molecules in the ocean and aerosol particles, we developed a method using multiple solid phase extractions and high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize surface active organic molecules in both. This method has extraction efficiencies greater than 85%, 75%, and 60% for anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactant standards, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of three ionic classes of surface active organics in atmospheric aerosol particles and estuarine water from Skidaway Island, GA. With this extraction method, organic molecules from both estuarine water and atmospheric aerosol particles significantly reduced surface tension of pure water (surface tension depression of ~ 18 mN/m) and had high ratios of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) and low ratios of oxygen to carbon (O/C), indicative of surfactants. While previous work has observed a larger fraction of anionic surface active organics in seawater and marine aerosol particles, here we show cationic surface active organics may make up a large fraction of the total surface active molecules in estuarine water (43%–47%). 相似文献
525.
RegCM模式对于中国区域气候要素模拟的准确性已得到本地化验证,但系统默认的数据源往往不具备本地化的特征,尤其是气溶胶排放清单设定的生物质源具有季节变化性,人为源为固定值,大大降低了人为源的气溶胶气候效应影响。采用多尺度排放清单模型(MEIC)计算的2013年黑碳气溶胶排放清单,设置不同试验情景,对比分析了人为黑碳气溶胶的气候效应。结果表明:黑碳气溶胶的加入使中国地区的辐射强迫、温度、降水以及黑碳气溶胶柱含量都产生明显变化,且有显著季节变化特征;随着季节变化,气候要素的增减效应范围不同,温度呈由南向北的增长趋势,降水量呈南增北减的趋势,黑碳气溶胶柱含量高值区集中出现在南方工业聚集区。 相似文献
526.
基于重庆市中心城区2021年6月至2022年5月的大气VOCs在线观测数据,分析了VOCs的季节污染特征、二次污染物生成潜势及其来源.结果表明,重庆市中心城区φ(VOCs)均值为31.5×10-9,其中烷烃占比最高(39.6%),其次是含氧VOCs(OVOCs)(15.6%)、卤代烃(13.9%)、芳香烃(11.6%)、烯烃(10.5%)和炔烃(8.3%).时间上呈现出冬季(35.7×10-9)>秋季(32.5×10-9)>夏季(31.3×10-9)>春季(27.6×10-9)的体积分数变化特征.夏季芳香烃对臭氧生成贡献最高,其中臭氧生成潜势(OFP)较高的物种是1,2,4-三甲苯、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯.冬季芳香烃对二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成潜势贡献率高达96%,其中甲苯和间/对-二甲苯是SOA生成潜势的主要贡献物种.夏季VOCs的主要来源是机动车排放源(30.9%)、工业源(21.2%)和溶剂使用源(18.6%),冬季的主要来源是机动车排放源(35.8%)、燃烧源(30.9%)和工业源(20.6%),冬季燃烧源对VOCs的贡献(30.9%)显著高于夏季(17.4%). 相似文献
527.
二次有机气溶胶是有机气溶胶的重要组成部分。大气中羰基化合物与胺/铵反应可以产生吸光性有机气溶胶(如棕碳),对大气辐射和全球气候产生深刻影响。本文模拟研究了大气中硫酸铵和甘氨酸对乙醇醛与胺(如甲胺、甘氨酸)反应生成棕碳的影响。通过对反应溶液紫外—可见吸收光谱和反应动力学分析,发现硫酸铵对反应体系棕碳的生成起抑制作用,而甘氨酸和甲胺的混合可以协同促进棕碳生成;通过对产物进行质谱分析,发现反应机理主要为半缩醛/缩醛反应以及含氮化合物的亲核加成;通过对产物有机碳进行分析,发现当硫酸铵参与反应时,有利于大分子二次有机碳生成。这些发现对棕碳在大气中的形成途径、乙醇醛在化学模型中对棕碳形成的贡献以及对大气中其他羰基行为的预测具有重要意义。 相似文献
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529.
530.
Saulo R. Freitas Karla M. Longo Maria A. F. Silva Dias Pedro L. Silva Dias Robert Chatfield Elaine Prins Paulo Artaxo Georg A. Grell Fernando S. Recuero 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2005,5(1-2):135-167
The atmospheric transport of biomass burning emissions in the South American and African continents is being monitored annually using a numerical simulation of air mass motions; we use a tracer transport capability developed within RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) coupled to an emission model. Mass conservation equations are solved for carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate material (PM2.5). Source emissions of trace gases and particles associated with biomass burning activities in tropical forest, savanna and pasture have been parameterized and introduced into the model. The sources are distributed spatially and temporally and assimilated daily using the biomass burning locations detected by remote sensing. Advection effects (at grid scale) and turbulent transport (at sub-grid scale) are provided by the RAMS parameterizations. A sub-grid transport parameterization associated with moist deep and shallow convection, not explicitly resolved by the model due to its low spatial resolution, has also been introduced. Sinks associated with the process of wet and dry removal of aerosol particles and chemical transformation of gases are parameterized and introduced in the mass conservation equation. An operational system has been implemented which produces daily 48-h numerical simulations (including 24-h forecasts) of CO and PM2.5, in addition to traditional meteorological fields. The good prediction skills of the model are demonstrated by comparisons with time series of PM2.5 measured at the surface. 相似文献