厦门海域大气颗粒态硫酸盐的分布特征及其入海通量

厦门海域大气中颗粒态硫酸盐的浓度存在着季节性的变化规律，其浓度大小为：冬季大于春季大于秋季大于夏季。颗粒态硫酸盐的平均浓度估算为９．３７μｇ／ｍ＾３，其中海盐源和大海盐源硫酸盐分别为０．８９和８．４８μｇ／ｍ＾３，硫酸盐在不同粒径颗粒物听分布呈双型：粗颗粒硫酸盐来源于海盐，而细颗粒硫酸盐则非来自海盐。利用所采集的大气干，湿沉降的试样，测定了颗粒态硫酸盐的分布变化特征，并估算了大气输入厦门海域的颗粒     

泰山顶夏季大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的浓度及其粒径分布研究

为研究我国华北地区大气污染区域传输过程,2006-06在泰山日观峰上的泰山气象站,利用Andersen分级采样器同步进行了大气气溶胶采样,样品用离子色谱(IC)进行了分析.结果表明,SO2-4、NH 4、K 的浓度在0.43～0.65 μm出现峰值;Ca2 、Mg2 的浓度在4.7～5.8 μm出现峰值;NO-3、Na 、Cl-的浓度在0.43～0.65 μm和4.7～5.8 μm出现峰值.观测期间,高浓度的硫酸盐的质量中位直径在0.5～0.8 μm,属于"液滴模态".二次离子(SO2-4-、NH 4、NO-3)和K 浓度变化很剧烈,其它离子浓度变化不大.其中SO2-4的变化幅度最大,最低浓度为4.0 μg穖-3,最高浓度达到42.3 μg穖-3.来自泰山南方潮湿的气团是形成二次离子高值的原因.     

北京地面紫外辐射与空气污染的关系研究

基于北京城区太阳辐射和污染气体观测资料,运用TUV4.4辐射传输模型,研究了城市大气中太阳紫外辐射与空气污染的相互关系.结果表明,臭氧总量平均为329DU,并呈冬春季较高,夏秋季较低的季节变化规律,到达地面的紫外辐射呈现相反的变化趋势;受城区大气污染的影响,地面处的紫外辐射量大幅减少(最大50%),且在夏季波动较大;云和污染物对紫外辐射的影响要大于总辐射,紫外辐射衰减约为总辐射衰减的2倍;城市低层大气中O3和NOx浓度的增加是造成紫外辐射衰减的重要原因,午后O3浓度与紫外辐射衰减相关系数为0.70.     

2015世界互联网大会期间嘉兴市大气细颗粒物污染特征及来源研究——以单颗粒气溶胶质谱技术为例

基于单颗粒气溶胶质谱技术,于2015年12月12—23日互联网大会期间开展了嘉兴市细颗粒物污染特征和来源研究.结果显示,观测期间共捕捉到5次不同的污染过程,分别为:管控期的区域输送(P1)-清洁天(P2)-本地排放(P3)过程,以及管控后的污染反弹(P4)-重污染程(P5)过程.污染期间(P1、P5),硝酸盐含量及比例均有显著增加,并且增加的主要是老化的硝酸盐颗粒,表明硝酸盐的二次转化对长三角地区高浓度细颗粒物形成具有重要影响.受管控措施和南下的强冷空气影响,会议期间,除有机碳和生物质燃烧组分外,PM_(2.5)质量浓度及其它各组分浓度均有不同程度的下降.管控措施解除后(P5),受区域输送和本地污染物积累共同作用,颗粒物浓度开始反弹并持续升高,硝酸盐和EC组分均有明显增加,并且呈现出早、晚高峰值.源解析结果显示,P5期间颗粒物浓度反弹与机动车尾气排放密切相关.研究表明,实施管控措施对降低机动车尾气排放和PM_(2.5)质量浓度、改善环境空气质量等效果显著.     

Secondary organic aerosol formation from straw burning using an oxidation flow reactor

Herein, we use an oxidation flow reactor, Gothenburg: Potential Aerosol Mass (Go: PAM) reactor, to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from wheat straw burning. Biomass burning emissions are exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) to simulate processes equivalent to atmospheric oxidation of 0-2.55 days. Primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated, and particles were measured before and after the Go: PAM reactor. The influence of water content (i.e. 5% and 11%) in wheat straw was also explored. Two burning stages, the flaming stage, and non-flaming stages, were identified. Primary particle emission factors (EFs) at a water content of 11% (∼3.89 g/kg-fuel) are significantly higher than those at a water content of 5% (∼2.26 g/kg-fuel) during the flaming stage. However, the water content showed no significant influence at the non-flaming stage. EFs of aromatics at a non-flaming stage (321.8±46.2 mg/kg-fuel) are larger than that at a flaming stage (130.9±37.1 mg/kg-fuel). The OA enhancement ratios increased with the increase in OH exposure at first and decreased with the additional increment of OH exposure. The maximum OA enhancement ratio is ∼12 during the non-flaming stages, which is much higher than ∼ 1.7 during the flaming stages. The mass spectrum of the primary wheat burning organic aerosols closely resembles that of resolved biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) based on measurements in ambient air. Our results show that large gap (∼60%-90%) still remains to estimate biomass burning SOA if only the oxidation of VOCs were included.     

Research on buildings impacting on aerosol diffusing in urban area using remote sensing

Employing remote sensing method to interpret the building volumetric ratio and aerosol status in Guangzhou, China. The relation between them and identified characteristics of their spatial distribution was analyzed. Results showed that building density and aerosol status are strongly correlated. It is indicated that the resistance of building to aerosol diffusing is one of factors influencing air pollution in urban area. On the basis of calculated results, building voluminous ratio of 5.6 is taken as the threshold impacting on aerosol diffusing, so the buildina voluminous ratio of Guanazhou should be limited to less than 5.6 in order to alleviate air pollution.     

静电作用下的气溶胶粒子在液滴表面沉降效应的研究

介绍了气溶胶粒子在液滴表面沉降效率的计算方法、分析了气溶胶粒子、液滴均荷电或其中之一荷电时，在粘性流场和势流场中液滴表面捕集效率，并与他人的研究成果（近似理论解和数值解）进行了对比。     

Aerosol effects on ozone concentrations in Beijing: A model sensitivity study

Most previous O₃ simulations were based only on gaseous phase photochemistry. However, some aerosol-related processes, namely, heterogeneous reactions occurring on the aerosol surface and photolysis rate alternated by aerosol radiative influence, may affect O₃ photochemistry under high aerosol loads. A three-dimensional air quality model, Models-3/Community Multi-scale Air Quality-Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution, was employed to simulate the effects of the above-mentioned processes on O₃ formation under typical high O₃ episodes in Beijing during summer. Five heterogeneous reactions, i.e., NO₂, NO₃, N₂O₅, HO₂, and O₃, were individually investigated to elucidate their effects on O₃ formation. The results showed that the heterogeneous reactions significantly affected O₃ formation in the urban plume. NO₂ heterogeneous reaction increased O₃ to 90 ppb, while HO₂ heterogeneous reaction decreased O₃ to 33 ppb. In addition, O₃ heterogeneous loss decreased O₃ to 31 ppb. The effects of NO₂, NO₃, and N₂O₅ heterogeneous reactions showed opposite O₃ concentration changes between the urban and extra-urban areas because of the response of the reactions to the two types of O₃ formation regimes. When the aerosol radiative influence was included, the photolysis rate decreased and O₃ decreased significantly to 73 ppb O₃. The two aerosol-related processes should be considered in the study of O₃ formation because high aerosol concentration is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the urban- and regional air quality in China.     

珠江三角洲秋季典型气溶胶污染的过程分析

为了解大气中各物理和化学过程对气溶胶浓度的贡献情况,利用Models-3/CMAQ模式系统对珠江三角洲(以下简称珠三角)秋季典型气溶胶污染进行研究.模拟时间是2012年10月,期间珠三角主要受高压系统的控制,在17日冷锋过境前后高压天气形势发生转变,风向从东北风转为偏东风.结果表明,珠三角秋季PM2.5浓度呈现西高东低的水平分布特征,随着高度的上升浓度高值中心也向西南方向偏移;受大气边界层高度的影响,陆地上PM2.5输送高度呈现白天高夜晚低的变化特征;过程分析结果表明源排放,水平输送和垂直输送是影响近地面PM2.5浓度变化的主要过程;本地污染物排放是城市中心(广州站)PM2.5浓度升高的主要原因,而在下风向位置(江门站)外来污染物的水平输送过程是PM2.5的最主要来源.     

广州市大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子的观测研究

利用环境湿度的日变化,对广州市大气气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子进行了观测研究.基于反向轨迹模型HYSPLIT,将2006年7月到达广州市区的气溶胶分为海洋型、海洋/城市混合型、城市型3个类型.整个观测期间,海洋型、海洋/城市混合型、城市型气溶胶的散射吸湿增长因子f(RH=80%)的平均值分别为2.68±0.59、2.29±0.28、2.04±0.28.经验公式f(RH)=1+a(RH/100)b能够较好地拟合3种类型的气溶胶散射吸湿增长因子,海洋型、海洋城市混合型、城市型气溶胶的散射吸湿增长因子的拟合经验参数a分别为4.92、3.26、2.06,经验参数b分别为5.04、3.85、3.60.