一种新型旋风气幕式排风罩数值模拟研究

利用Fluent计算流体力学软件对新型旋风气幕式排风罩工作流场及有害物分布进行了数值模拟,并与传统排风罩进行了对比。结果表明:旋转射流屏蔽作用下的抽吸流场具有中部压力较低和提高抽吸能力的作用;新型旋风气幕式排风罩不仅能有效地控制有害物扩散,而且可以实现远距离捕集有害物及以较小的排风速度排放有害物。     

高速铁路声屏障

提出我国高速铁路(铁路客运专线)声屏障主要结构形式和应有的性能。重点分析高速列车气动力的形成、影响因素、计算方法及其对声屏障的作用。提出了高速铁路声屏障的设计要点及其对声屏障的设计建造的建议。     

隧道废气环境影响评价方法及影响预测

以天津某隧道工程环评为例,介绍了隧道NOX排放量的计算方法;采用高斯模式预测了风塔下风向NO2扩散浓度,计算结果表明在排放口下风向129 m范围内、空间69～73 m高度范围内NO2浓度超标;采用TOP模式预测了峒口下风向NO2的扩散浓度,计算结果表明峒口下风向30 m范围内NO2浓度超标;提出了隧道工程废气污染控制措施。     

小型燃油锅炉大气污染物排放特征

燃料燃烧是大气污染物的重要来源之一,对人体健康、空气质量和气候变化产生严重影响. 以85台小型燃油锅炉(≤10.5 MW)的颗粒物(PM),SO₂和NO_x排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了大气污染物PM,SO₂和NO_x的排放特征及其影响因素,分析了我国小型燃油锅炉PM,SO₂和NO_x的排放现状. 结果表明,在未采取控制措施的条件下,ρ(PM)与燃油灰分〔w(灰分)〕和硫含量〔w(S)〕无关;而在过量空气系数(α)>1时,ρ(SO₂)与燃油w(S)之间呈现显著的正线性相关性;ρ(NO_x)与燃油氮含量〔w(N)〕不具有相关性,而随过量空气系数的增大而增大. 实测得到ρ(PM),ρ(SO₂)和ρ(NO_x)平均值分别为20.0,259.9和318.2 mg/m3;所有测试锅炉的ρ(PM)远远小于《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(GB13271—2001)所规定的最高允许排放限值,有90%以上的锅炉达到ρ(SO₂)最高允许排放限值,有84%的锅炉达到ρ(NO_x)最高允许排放限值.      

电子设备机房空调供冷量探讨

电子设备机房的空调供冷量与普通办公室相差甚远 ,介绍了其计算方法和影响空调制冷设备实际制冷量的因素     

调节风阀与风量的测量

根据玻璃熔窑助燃风系统 ,分析了工业炉燃烧自动控制过程中 ,调节风阀结构和流量计及其相对安装位置对风量测量及自控的影响 ,对通风自控系统设计、选型及安装具有一定的参考价值     

相对干燥条件下甲苯,苯和氯仿的光催化降解

研究了甲苯,苯和氯仿3种挥发性有机物在相对干燥条件下的动态气相光催化降解,考察了进口浓度,流量(停留时间),催化剂,光源等因素的影响.研究表明,在较低污染物浓度,流量小于0.2L/min(停留时间大于3.825min)时,甲苯,苯和氯仿的光催化去除率均大于90%,遵循一级反应动力学,甲苯和苯的半衰期分别在1.0～1.34min和0.65～1.1min;在研究的负荷范围内,甲苯和苯的去除量随负荷增加达到一个最大值,而氯仿则一直随之增大;催化剂的光催化性能与污染物种类有关,同样功率的杀菌灯效果好于黑光灯.     

Uncertainties in Large Scale Assessments of Critical Load Exceedances

In the 1999 Gothenburg protocol to the UN/ECE LRTAP Convention andin the negotiations for an EU acidification strategy the area withexceedances of critical loads has been the preferred measure forenvironmental impacts. The aim of this study has been to assessthe influence of the uncertainty and spatial variation of both thecritical loads and deposition values on the calculated area withexceedances of critical loads. This has been done on a nationalscale for Denmark and on the European scale based on the dataincluded in the RAINS model. It is demonstrated that includinguncertainty and spatial variation in exceedance calculations, ingeneral gives larger exceeded area for the critical load ofacidity, CL(A). The picture for the critical load of nutrientnitrogen, CL_nut(N), is more mixed because of the higherproportion of exceeded areas. A further point of interest is thepossibility of validating relationships between critical loadexceedances and observable damage based on large scale monitoringand model data. It is demonstrated that it will probably not bepossible to use exceedance calculations on European scale as basisfor validation exercises, linking exceedances to observable damage.     

A Coupled Land-Surface and Dry Deposition Model and Comparison to Field Measurements of Surface Heat,Moisture, and Ozone Fluxes

We have developed a coupled land-surface and drydeposition model for realistic treatment of surface fluxes ofheat, moisture, and chemical dry deposition within acomprehensive air quality modelling system. A new land-surfacemodel (LSM) with explicit treatment of soil moisture andevapotranspiration and an indirect soil moisture nudging schemehas been added to a mesoscale meteorology model. The new drydeposition model uses the same aerodynamic and bulk stomatalresistances computed for evapotranspiration in the LSM. Thisprovides consistent land-surface and boundary layer propertiesacross the meteorological and chemical components of the system. The coupled dry deposition model also has the advantage of beingable to respond to changing soil moisture and vegetationconditions. Modelled surface fluxes of sensible and latent heatas well as ozone dry deposition velocities were compared to twofield experiments: a soybean field in Kentucky during summer 1995and a mixed forest in the Adirondacks of New York in July 1998.(on assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (author for correspondence, e-mail(on assignment to the National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)     

城市空气污染及对策

本文系统分析了城市空气污染的成因、污染物种类和危害,指出城市空气污染是制约城市可持续发展的关键因素之 一,提出了城市空气污染 防治的技术和非技术措施。