液化气脱硫装置的腐蚀泄漏与防护

主要介绍了液化气脱硫醇装置在运行过程中出现腐蚀泄漏的原因和特点,以及针对不同情况进行的相应整改措施.     

厌氧好氧工艺设计处理酒精生产废水

针对某酒精厂所排放废水的水质、水量特点，设计了好氧厌氧配以气浮和活性炭吸附相结合的处理工艺，通过实践证明，该工艺处理效率高，运行稳定。     

糖蜜酒精废液厌氧生物降解生物化学甲烷势分析

在中温条件下,对pH值和营养比例2个影响因素进行了糖蜜酒精废液的BMP分析,探讨酒精废液在厌氧消化过程中产甲烷量、COD浓度的变化情况,以及COD去除率与产气量、pH值之间的关系.研究结果表明,厌氧处理法能够使糖蜜酒精废液的有机负荷大大降低,COD去除率最高可达90.6%.在调节营养比例的条件下,pH=8.5时甲烷菌活性最佳,其中COD:P=300:1的产甲烷量最高.     

生物滤池-接触氧化工艺处理醇醚表面活性剂废水

介绍抚顺醇醚化学厂醇醚生产废水的排放与水质特点 ,结合工艺流程介绍处理工艺设计和技术参数。几年来的运行结果表明 ,采用生物滤池 生物接触氧化 纤维球过滤三级工艺处理醇醚表面活性剂废水 ,处理效果良好 ,出水CODCr<10 0mg/L ,SS <15mg/L ,滤后水可用于厂区绿化。     

Biotic and abiotic transformations of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)

Background Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a fuel additive which is used all over the world. In recent years it has often been found in groundwater, mainly in the USA, but also in Europe. Although MTBE seems to be a minor toxic, it affects the taste and odour of water at concentrations of < 30 μg/L. Although MTBE is often a recalcitrant compound, it is known that many ethers can be degraded by abiotic means. The aim of this study was to examine biotic and abiotic transformations of MTBE with respect to the particular conditions of a contaminated site (former refinery) in Leuna, Germany. Methods Groundwater samples from wells of a contaminated site were used for aerobic and anaerobic degradation experiments. The abiotic degradation experiment (hydrolysis) was conducted employing an ion-exchange resin and MTBE solutions in distilled water. MTBE, tertiary butyl formate (TBF) and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) were measured by a gas chromatograph with flame ionisation detector (FID). Aldehydes and organic acids were respectively analysed by a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (ECD) and high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC). Results and Discussion Under aerobic conditions, MTBE was degraded in laboratory experiments. Only 4 of a total of 30 anaerobic experiments exhibited degradation, and the process was very slow. In no cases were metabolites detected, but a few degradation products (TBF, TBA and formic acid) were found on the site, possibly due to the lower temperatures in groundwater. The abiotic degradation of MTBE with an ion-exchange resin as a catalyst at pH 3.5 was much faster than hydrolysis in diluted hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0). Conclusion Although the aerobic degradation of MTBE in the environment seems to be possible, the specific conditions responsible are widely unknown. Successful aerobic degradation only seems to take place if there is a lack of other utilisable compounds. However, MTBE is often accompanied by other fuel compounds on contaminated sites and anaerobic conditions prevail. MTBE is often recalcitrant under anaerobic conditions, at least in the presence of other carbon sources. The abiotic hydrolysis of MTBE seems to be of secondary importance (on site), but it might be possible to enhance it with catalysts. Recommendation and Outlook MTBE only seems to be recalcitrant under particular conditions. In some cases, the degradation of MTBE on contaminated sites could be supported by oxygen. Enhanced hydrolysis could also be an alternative. - * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France.     

树脂吸附法处理硝化废水

从14种树脂中筛选出国产大孔吸附树脂AB-8用来处理硝化废水，对硝基苯、硝基氯苯和CODcr，的去除率分别可达70％、99％和43％；用工业乙醇作脱附剂，洗脱效果较好，树脂再生后可重复使用。     

Temporal accumulation of phenylpropanoids in male fruit flies, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera dorsalis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">B. carambolae</Emphasis> (Diptera: Tephritidae) following methyl eugenol consumption

Summary. Males of dacine tephritids, Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis are strongly attracted to, and compulsively feed on methyl eugenol (ME), a potent attractant for many Bactrocera species. While ME was shown to be biotransformed into phenylpropanoids, 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol and (E)-coniferyl alcohol, and temporarily stored in the rectal gland of male B. dorsalis prior to release during courtship at dusk, B. carambolae male produces only the latter compound along with its de novo synthesized pheromone components. Both species were also shown to have different age-related response, sensitivity and consumption levels of ME. Here, we monitored and compared temporal changes in the accumulation profiles of these phenylpropanoids by the two sibling species, with male rectal glands being individually excised at different time intervals from 15 minutes to 20 days after initial ME feeding and analysed quantitatively. Results are discussed in light of plant-fruit fly co-evolution relationship.     

由一株青霉菌产生的聚乙烯醇降解酶

从纺织污水活性污泥中筛选得到一株新型聚乙烯醇(PVA)降解酶产生菌,根据形态学特征鉴定该菌属于青霉属(Penicillium sp.),实验室编号WStt02-21.这是由霉菌产生PVA降解酶的首例报道.在考察了菌株WSH02-21基本生长和产酶特性的基础上,研究了营养条件对PVA降解酶合成的影响.通过对营养条件的单因素考察和正交试验,确定了最优培养条件为PVA 40 g L-1、葡萄糖3.0 g L-1、NH4Cl 8.0 g L-1、KH2PO4 2.0 g L-1、酵母膏1.0 g L-1、:MgSO40.5 g L-1。、CaCl2 1.0 g L-1、NaCl 0.02 g L-1、FeSO4·7H2O 0.02 g L-1,初始pH 6.4.其中PVA浓度是影响Penicilliumsp.WSH02-21合成PVA降解酶的最重要因素.采用最优化条件进行验证试验,PVA降解酶酶活(4.4 U mL-1)略高于正交试验中的的最高酶活(4.3 U mL-1).图7表2参11     

Rheological study of biodegradable blends of starch and polyvinyl alcohol

The rheological behavior of biodegradable blends of starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was measured as a function of temperature, shear rate, and moisture content using a capillary rheometer. An excellent correlation was found with a rheological model which was used as a means to characterize the influence of starch/PVOH content as well as a qualification of the viscosity for simulation studies. This model consisted of a power law dependence on shear rate, an Arrhenius dependence on temperature, and an exponential dependence on moisture.Paper presented at the Biodegradable Materials and Packaging Conference, September 22–23, 1993, Natick, Massachusetts.Guest Editor: Dr. Randall Shogren, USDA.     

Evaluating the Brazilian zero tolerance drinking and driving law: Time series analyses of traffic-related mortality in three major cities

Objective: A zero tolerance alcohol restriction law was adopted in Brazil in 2008. In order to assess the effectiveness of this intervention, the present study compares specific mortality in 2 time series: 1980–2007 and 2008–2013.

Methods: Data on mortality and population were gathered from official Brazilian Ministry of Health information systems. Segmented regression analyses were carried out separately for 3 major Brazilian capitals: Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo.

Results: In 2 cities (Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro) there were no significant changes in mortality rate trends in 2 periods, 1980 to 2007 and 2008 to 2013, where the observed rates did not differ significantly from predicted rates. In São Paulo, a decreasing trend until 2007 unexpectedly assumed higher levels after implementation of the law.

Conclusion: There is no evidence of reduced traffic-related mortality in the 3 major Brazilian capitals 5.5 years after the zero tolerance drinking and driving law was adopted.