基于QSPR方法的脂肪醇化合物闪点预测

为提高脂肪醇化合物闪点预测精度,提出基于定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)原理的脂肪醇化合物闪点预测方法。应用Dragon软件计算出91种脂肪醇的分子描述符,利用遗传函数算法(GFA)从1 481个描述符中筛选出3个与脂肪醇闪点关系最密切的分子描述符。分别用多元线性回归(MLR)方法和支持向量机(SVM)方法进行建模,并采用内部验证和外部检验的方式对模型的拟合度、预测性等性能进行验证。结果表明:预测集的MLR方法和SVM方法的平均绝对误差(AAE)分别为2.870 K和2.706 K;均方根误差(RMSE)为3.451 K和3.371 K。SVM模型在精度上略优于MLR模型,而MLR模型更为简单和方便。     

聚乙烯醇罐区火灾爆炸事故树分析

通过现场的调研与事故树分析相结合的手段对某厂聚乙烯醇车间聚合罐区火灾爆炸事故的危险因素进行了识别与分析.以该罐区可能发生的火灾爆炸事故作为顶上事件,对可能引发顶上事件的21个基本事件及一个条件事件构建事故树,利用最小割集、最小径集及结构重要性计算手段进行事故风险程度分析,从而确定醋酸乙烯暴聚是聚合罐区的首要危险源,而促发醋酸乙烯暴聚的物料长时间停留、气相氧含量过高、温度控制失效、阻聚剂含量不足等四个基本事件是导致聚合罐区火灾爆炸事故的最危险因素.本文对以上聚合罐区发生火灾爆炸事故的风险因素进行详细定性分析,并在此基础上有针对性的提出了相应的安全预防控制措施.同时,该聚合罐区的事故树分析结论也可以为同类别化工单位罐区的日常运行、设计改造、维护保养等工作提供理论依据.     

CNFM的制备及其协同电动技术修复土壤重金属的研究

首先采用静电纺丝工艺制备壳聚糖纳米纤维膜并优化了其制备条件,将制备的纳米纤维膜协同电动技术对土壤中的重金属（Cu、Cr）进行了修复.结果表明,纳米纤维膜制备的优化条件为：m（壳聚糖CS）/m（聚乙烯醇PVA）为20：80,乙酸质量浓度为20%,混合溶液质量分数为8%;所制备的纳米纤维膜平均直径为37.11nm,对金属的吸附平衡时间为4h.单一的电动修复来处理土壤中的重金属效率较低,Cu和Cr的去除效率仅为34.9%和11.7%;采用电动技术协同壳聚糖纳米纤维膜能显著提高重金属的去除效率,二者的去除效率分别达到了82%和91%.     

Trace analysis of airborne toluene diisocyanate as a pentafluorobenzyl derivative by gas chromatography with electron capture detection

Trace analysis of airborne toluene diisocyanate (TDI) vapor was accomplished by measuring the derivative using gas chromatography with electron‐capture detector after collecting gas samples with a microimpinger containing 2 ml toluene, 1 μl pentafluorobenzyl alcohol, and 1 μl triethylamine. The sampling efficiency was determined to be 99.4% for short‐term exposure level of TDI and the 2,4‐ and 2,6‐isomers of TDI were well separated. The derivative was identified to be a new compound with a molecular weight of 570 by mass spectrometry in fast atomic bombardment mode and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. This method is convenient and can be applied in the field where airborne TDI is in vapor form.     

Effects of alcohol–kola nut interactions on brain glucose oxidase,glutamine synthase,and adenylate deaminase activities in Wistar rats

The effects of alcohol–kola nut interactions on activites of whole brain glucose oxidase, glutamine synthetase, and adenylate deaminase were examined in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Control group (1) received a placebo (4 mL of distilled water). Groups 2–6 were treated for a 21-day period with either 10% (v/v) alcohol, kola nut, caffeine, alcohol + kola nut, or alcohol + caffeine at 50 mg per kg in a total volume of 4 mL vehicle via gastric intubation, respectively. One day after the final treatment, the whole brain was harvested and processed to examine for several biochemical parameters, including activities of glucose oxidase, adenylate deaminase, and glutamine synthetase. Results showed that alcohol–kola nut interaction decreased the activities of glucose oxidase, adenylate deaminase, and glutamine synthetase in whole brain, suggesting inhibition of glutamine synthesis, decreased energy (ATP) production, ionic transport and decreased neuronal processes. Data indicates that alcohol–kola nut or alcohol–caffeine interactions modify neuronal processes in rat brain; however, the clinical importance of this is not known.     

小分子有机醇强化过硫酸盐氧化水中二苯甲酮-3的研究

探究了小分子有机醇对过二硫酸盐(Peroxydisulfate, PDS)氧化降解二苯甲酮-3(Benzophenone-3, BP-3)的强化作用及反应机制.研究结果表明,4种有机醇(甲醇、丙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇)均在一定浓度范围内能有效促进过硫酸盐氧化降解BP-3,BP-3的降解速率随醇类分子碳链长度和羟基数目的增加而增加,增强效果依次为丙三醇>乙二醇>丙醇>甲醇.在低添加量时(21.9~350 μmol·L^-1),有机醇的添加增加了BP-3降解速率,但随着醇量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,例如丙三醇添加量从21.9 μmol·L^-1增加到87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解动力学常数从2.91×10^-4 s^-1提高到3.58×10^-4 s^-1,增加了0.23倍;但加入过多的醇却抑制了BP-3的降解,例如丙三醇添加量从87.6 μmol·L^-1进一步增加到350 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解速率降低29.0%(2.54×10^-4 s^-1).反应温度也能有效促进醇的强化作用,温度从40 ℃升至60 ℃,添加丙三醇87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3的降解速率常数从6.84×10^-6 s^-1提高至6.69×10^-4 s^-1,提高了96.8倍.小分子有机醇主要是通过与·OH反应产生醇自由基,进一步激活过硫酸盐产生SO₄^·-,显著增加了SO₄^·-的产率,从而加速过硫酸盐降解BP-3的效率.     

茅台酒原产地域研究概述

本文介绍了茅台酒原产地研究概况,主要从原产地的界定,其地质背景、生态环境、以及茅台酒独特的生产工艺等方面进行了总结,加强茅台酒的原产地保护刻不容缓.     

铁碳微电解预处理高浓度酒精废液

采用废铁屑-焦碳组成微电解工艺预处理高浓度酒精废液。通过正交试验和单因素分析试验考察了反应时间、铁碳比、曝气强度对铁碳微电解工艺降解有机物,提高废水可生化性和pH的影响,最终确定了最佳反应条件。试验结果表明,反应时间、铁碳比和曝气强度对铁碳微电解处理酒精废液的影响程度依次降低,且最佳反应条件为反应时间2小时,铁水比125：500,曝气强度4m^3／m^2h,CODcr的去除率达到50％,废水的BOD5／CODcr值可由O．3提升到0．48,pH由3．5提高到5．2左右。作为高浓度酒精废液预处理工艺,铁碳微电解能够经济、有效降低后续处理工艺的负荷,提高废水的可生化性和碱度。     

黑臭河道中聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠固定微米沸石粉去除氨氮

采用聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠对微米沸石粉进行固定,通过批次吸附实验探究水凝珠去除氨氮的效果及其机制.结果表明:PAZ-20的投加量超过10 g·L-1时,氨氮去除率达到了 80％之上.pH为3～8时,pH增加对PAZ吸附氨氮影响不大,当pH从9增至11时,氨氮去除率随pH的增大而显著减小,PAZ吸附氨氮的最佳pH为7.水温为5～25℃时,氨氮去除率随温度升高而逐渐上升,25～35℃内略有上升,水温升至401,氨氮去除率有所下降.准二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温线模型能够更好地拟合PAZ吸附氨氮.PAZ-20对于水中阳离子的吸附能力为:K+＞Mg2+＞Na+＞Ca2+.共存阳离子对PAZ吸附氨氮的影响程度为:K+＞Na+＞Ca2+＞Mg2+.扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析显示微米沸石粉被良好地固定在聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠中.PAZ可用于黑臭河道的治理,且受共存阳离子的干扰较小.     

A Random,Roadside Breathalyzer Survey of Alcohol Impaired Driving in Ghana

To ascertain the prevalence and pattern of alcohol impaired driving in an African nation, we conducted a random, roadside, breathalyzer survey of drivers in Ghana. A total of 149 (21%) of 722 drivers tested had a detectable blood alcohol concentration (BAC). In addition, 7.3% of drivers had a BAC ≥ 80 mg/dl. The prevalence of impaired driving (BAC ≥ 80) was higher among private drivers (9.8%) than commercial drivers (6.4%). However, due to a higher volume, the majority (64%) of impaired drivers were commercial drivers. Alcohol use was higher among uneducated (11%) compared to educated drivers (5.4%) and was higher among middle aged drivers (30 - 49 years, 9.1% impaired) compared with younger (< 30 years; 5.0%) or older drivers (≥ 50 years; 0%). Alcohol impaired driving is a significant problem in this African nation. Anti-drunk driving measures should be an important component of road safety efforts. Such measures may need to be different than industrialized nations and will need to target less educated drivers, middle aged drivers, and commercial drivers.