玉米酒精糟液高蛋白饲料化技术研究

以所选育的９５０１和９５０２菌种混和培养处理玉米酒精糟液生产生物饲料蛋白，经约４０ｈ培养后糟液ＣＯＤ由５０８９０ｍｇ／Ｌ降为５１２４ｍｇ／Ｌ，酒糟滤波ＣＯＤ由３３４５０降为５１２４ｍｇ／Ｌ，降解率达８４．７－８９．９％，经国家饲料中心检测所得微生物蛋白与通常的ＤＤＧＳ产品相比在品质上有显著提高，氨基酸总量提高达１１．８６％，其中蛋氨酸和赖氨酸分别提高１１７％和１６０％，同时还含有大量的维生素（ＶＢ     

用上流式厌氧污泥床处理味精废水的研究

采用了上流式厌氧污泥床处理高浓度味精废水 ,研究了UASB反应器的菌种培养驯化条件和连续运行工艺参数 ,并分析了不同操作条件下去除废水中COD的效果     

丙酮、异丙醇的分离和顶空气相色谱测定

研究了环境大气及水质中丙酮和异丙醇的分析方法，采用顶空气相色谱法测定，用ＰＥＧ－２０Ｍ３０ｍ＊５３ｕｍ和ＦＦＡＰ３０ｍ＊５３０ｕｍ大口径弹性石英毛细管柱分离，氢火争离子化检测器检测，避免了复杂的基体干扰，得到了良好的分离效果和较高的灵敏度，丙酮和异丙醇检出限最低分别＝可达０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ、０．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ，０．００２ｍｇ／ｍ＾３、０．００３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

炼油废水深度净化与回用的试验研究

某炼油厂的生产废水经处理后虽然已达标排放,但由于水资源的严重缺乏,要求必须进行废水的深度处理以便回用.为此,该文提出了采用厌氧陶粒滤池、陶粒填料生物接触氧化池与陶粒滤料过滤池相串联的废水深度处理工艺并进行试验研究.结果表明,该工艺处理效率高、运行稳定,二级气浮出水中的COD、油类、悬浮物与酚类的去除率高达90%～100%,水质清澈透明、无色无味,满足该厂对回用水的水质要求.     

餐厨泔水去向分析及其治理建议

餐厨泔水去向已经影响到人们切身利益，文中通过对其去向：1、集中后加工处理；2、用来喂猪；3、提取食用油酯（必须取缔）分析，根据相关法规，提出针对“集中后加工处理”应有政策倾斜、降低成本、提高服务质量及“用来喂猪”时要加强泔水分类、加热喂食等相关注意事项的执行力度等相关对策。     

臭氧氧化去除二级出水中PPCPs的研究

药品及个人护理用品(PPCPs)是一类痕量、顽固的新兴有机污染物,采用传统水处理工艺不易去除,需深度处理。采用批量试验方法,研究了臭氧氧化二级出水中添加的19种PPCPs的去除效果,考察了臭氧投加量、p H值、自由基抑制剂对去除效率的影响,并根据氧化产物推断可能的反应途径。结果表明,在原水水样p H=7.1条件下,臭氧质量浓度为1.2 mg/L时,能有效去除大多数PPCPs。其中,抗生素类PPCPs和个人防护类PPCPs的去除率分别达到了68%和70%,而雷尼替汀和噻苯咪唑去除效果不明显,仅为17.73%和12.3%。增加臭氧投加量或提高反应p H值会显著提高除雷尼替汀和噻苯咪唑外的PPCPs去除率。加入的自由基抑制剂对臭氧氧化PPCPs有明显抑制作用。PPCPs的氧化降解产物有机酸会降低反应p H值,进而影响PPCPs的去除效果。     

Evaluation of a responsible beverage service and enforcement program: Effects on bar patron intoxication and potential impaired driving by young adults

Objective: Studies of alcohol-related harm (violence, injury, illness) suggest that the most significant risk factors are the amount of alcohol consumed and whether obviously intoxicated patrons continue to be served. This study's objective was to investigate the effects of a responsible beverage service (RBS)/enhanced alcohol enforcement intervention on bars, bar patrons, and impaired driving.

Method: Two communities—Monroe County, New York, and Cleveland, Ohio—participated in a demonstration program and evaluation. The intervention applied RBS training, targeted enforcement, and corrective actions by law enforcement to a random sample of 10 identified problem bars in each community compared to 10 matched nonintervention problem bars. Data were collected over 3 waves on bar serving practices, bar patron intoxication, drinking and driving, and other alcohol-related harm from intervention and control bars and treatment and comparison communities.

Results: In Monroe County, New York, of the 14 outcome measures analyzed, 7 measures showed statistically significant differences from pre- to postintervention. Six of those measures indicated changes in the desired or positive direction and 2 measures were in the undesired or negative direction. Of note in the positive direction, the percentage of intervention bar patrons who were intoxicated decreased from 44 to 27% and the average blood alcohol concentration of patrons decreased from 0.097 to 0.059 g/dL pre- to postintervention. In Cleveland, Ohio, 6 of the 14 measures showed statistically significant changes pre- to postintervention with 6 in the positive direction and 4 in the negative direction. Of note, the percentage of pseudo-intoxicated patrons denied service in intervention bars increased from 6 to 29%.

Conclusions: Of the 14 outcome measures that were analyzed in each community, most indicated positive changes associated with the intervention, but others showed negative associations. About half of the measures showed no significance, the sample sizes were too small, or the data were unavailable. Therefore, at best, the results of these demonstration programs were mixed. There were, however, some positive indications from the intervention. It appears that when bar managers and owners are aware of the program and its enforcement and when servers are properly trained in RBS, fewer patrons may become intoxicated and greater efforts may be made to deny service to obviously intoxicated patrons. Given that about half of arrested impaired drivers had their last drink at a licensed establishment, widespread implementation of this strategy has the potential to help reduce impaired driving.     

Understanding the context of alcohol impaired driving for fatal crash–involved drivers: A descriptive case analysis

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the social context and circumstances surrounding alcohol-impaired driving prior to fatal crash involvement for drivers with an illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC ≥ 0.05 g/100 ml or 0.00 g/100 ml for restricted license holders).

Methods: Coroners' case reports investigating fatal crashes in South Australia over a 3-year period (2008–2010) were examined. The personal and crash characteristics of drivers with an illegal BAC were compared with those who had a legal BAC. For each driver with an illegal BAC, information was recorded including characteristics of last trip, location and social context of alcohol consumption, quantity and type of alcohol consumed, BAC level, presence of drugs, perceived alcohol intoxication, and alcohol dependence. Official traffic offense records were also obtained.

Results: Of the 284 fatal crashes included in the study, 34% (n = 95) involved a driver or rider with an illegal BAC. Prior to the crash, alcohol was most frequently consumed by drivers in rural areas, within private homes, and was part of normal social activities. Drivers recorded a high level of alcohol impairment, with a mean BAC of 0.173 g/100 ml and a level of alcohol dependence that was above the Australian national average (7.4 vs. 3.9%). In addition, 23% of drivers were known to be experiencing psychological stress at the time of the crash. The results also confirm that drink driving recidivism continues to be a significant problem, with 44% of drivers recording at least one prior alcohol driving offense.

Conclusions: Alcohol-impaired driving continues to be a leading cause of fatal crashes. The popularity of drinking at home, particularly in rural areas, has implications for police enforcement strategies and suggests that drink driving interventions that focus on community values and looking after friends might be beneficial. Importantly, the study highlights the need for a broader holistic approach to reduce the high levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence underlying drink driving behavior.     

Use of organic coagulant/flocculant for treatment of effluents generated in intensive rearing of swine

Separation of water for reuse is essential in an effluent treatment system, especially in activities with high water consumption, such as a pig production system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Tanfloc SG^® coagulant tannin/organic flocculant used to treat effluent generated during the intensive rearing of swine. For the evaluation, laboratory and in situ tests (field test) were performed. The laboratory tests were performed to define the concentration (1 and 16%), dosage (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 milliliters of the solution), and time (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) of coagulation/flocculation treatment of the solid portion of the effluent. The parameters pH, turbidity, oxidation reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and electroconductivity (in microsiemens per centimeter) were evaluated using a multiparameter probe and the parameters ammonia (NH₃), nitrate (NO₃), and nitrite (NO₂) in the laboratory, in relation to the coagulation/flocculation time of the solid part of the effluent. The use of tannin as a coagulant/flocculant of plant origin in the treatment of swine effluents was effective in reducing turbidity and concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, and it allowed separation of the solid–liquid phase in approximately 68% as liquid phase.     

点源基于地表水质排放限值制度设计

针对我国点源排放标准不能确保具体点源所排入的水体地表水质达标的问题,借鉴美国点源基于地表水质排放限值的规则和方法的经验,论证我国建立点源基于地表水质排放限值的必要性,提出点源基于地表水质排放限值的制度框架,并提出政策建议：在法规中补充点源基于地表水质排放限值的相关要求;明确点源排污许可证的制定必须要计算点源基于地表水质的排放限值,并采取与已有的排放标准中严者作为点源的排放限值;授权省级政府制定混合区划定法规.