聚乙烯醇在超临界水氧化中降解

以H2O2为氧化剂用间歇式超临界水氧化装置对聚乙烯醇(PVA)废水进行降解研究。通过正交实验,考察了反应温度、压力、时间及氧化剂过氧倍数对降解效果的影响,并且采用GC/MS对液相降解产物进行表征推测其可能降解途径。结果表明:PVA在SCWO体系中能完全降解,反应温度440℃、压力28 MPa、氧化剂过氧倍数4、反应40 min时,COD去除率为99.03%,出水COD=89.09 mg/L。PVA在SCWO体系中降解为烯烃、烯酮、醇和羧酸类中间产物、最终降解为小分子的饱和直链烷烃类液相产物。     

臭氧氧化—A/O工艺处理PVA废水

采用臭氧氧化—A/O工艺处理聚乙烯醇（PVA）废水,研究了臭氧氧化时间、臭氧流量以及废水pH等因素对臭氧氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明：当气体臭氧质量浓度为30 mg/L、臭氧氧化时间为45 min、臭氧流量为4 L/min、废水pH为8时,PVA质量浓度从进水的93.2 mg/L降至4.5 mg/L;PVA溶液的BOD₅/COD从0.014增加至0.310,可生化性明显改善;臭氧氧化—A/O工艺处理后出水COD降至50 mg/L左右,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准;出水PVA质量浓度为1.6 mg/L,明显优于A/O工艺（33.1 mg/L）。     

城市污水厂部分反硝化滤池启动及运行

采用生物滤池探究部分反硝化（NO₃^--N还原到NO₂^--N）工艺应用于城市污水厂深度脱氮的可行性.以实际二级出水为进水,考察滤速、碳氮比（C/N）等影响因素对滤池快速启动及稳定运行的影响,分析了滤池沿程水质变化和系统微生物群落结构.结果表明,控制高滤速和低C/N,3d可实现部分反硝化滤池的快速启动,滤池120d平均亚硝态氮累积率（NTR）为60.3%,最高可达82.1%,成功构建了连续流生物膜部分反硝化工艺.高滤速条件有助提高滤池的NO₂^--N积累率,C/N对NO₂^--N积累率的影响较小,C/N为2~4,部分反硝化滤池的NTR维持在62.0%.沿程数据表明底部40cm的滤料层是部分反硝化滤池NO₃^--N去除和NO₂^--N累积的主要反应区域.由于采用实际水厂二级出水进行研究,扫描电镜和高通量测序结果表明存在多种具有反硝化功能的微生物,系统的微生物多样性较高.     

NO3-对二级出水DOM与Cu2+络合作用的光谱特性影响

利用三维荧光光谱法和紫外分光光度法,研究NO₃^-对二级出水DOM与Cu²⁺络合作用的光谱特性和络合能力的影响.随投加NO₃^-浓度增加,二级出水DOM与Cu²⁺络合作用后代表类蛋白质（类色氨酸）物质荧光峰消失,紫外吸收峰右侧红移.投加NO₃^-浓度与二级出水DOM和Cu²⁺络合作用后的HIX、α₃₀₀、α₂₅₀/α₃₆₅、E₃/E₄和UV₂₅₃/UV₂₀₃值呈显著正相关,与BIX显著负相关（r为-0.958~-0.719）,与S_240-400和S_275-295值分别呈指数增加和指数减少关系（R²分别为0.9678~0.9952和0.9965~0.9978）,对FI、α₃₅₀、α₃₅₅和S_350-400值影响较小.二级出水DOM中的紫外光类腐殖质、可见光类腐殖质和高激发波长类色氨酸物质与Cu²⁺作用后的条件稳定常数lgK分别为2.08~2.46,1.84~2.51,2.27~2.57L/mmol,配位荧光官能团比例分别为19.5%~36.5%、22.5%~33.3%和24.4%~29.2%.二级出水DOM中类腐殖质和类蛋白质与Cu²⁺的络合反应强度相差不大,且样品中NO₃^-浓度不同时,用部分荧光参数（HIX）和紫外参数（α₃₀₀、α₂₅₀/α₃₆₅、E₃/E₄、S_240-400和S_275-295）表示DOM的含量、分子性质存在一定的不确定性.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理石化二级出水的试验研究

采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池组合工艺对石化废水厂二级出水进行深度处理,系统探讨了pH值对臭氧氧化单元的影响,组合工艺对废水中COD、UV254的去除效果,对废水中有机物相对分子质量分布以及荧光物质含量的影响.结果表明,在臭氧投加量为10 mg·L-1,接触时间为4 min,pH值偏碱性时,臭氧预氧化石化二级出水效果较好.臭氧氧化能将大分子有机物转化为小分子物质,使得相对分子质量小于1 000的有机物比例增加约15%,有效提高了废水的可生化性,有利于后续曝气生物滤池的运行.在曝气生物滤池的停留时间为3 h,气水比为3∶1时,组合工艺对COD、UV254的去除率分别达到40.8%和45.8%.在最佳运行条件下,进水平均COD为86.5 mg·L-1时,组合工艺出水平均COD为49.4 mg·L-1.     

Adsorption/desorption behavior between a novel amphoteric granular lignin adsorbent and reactive red K-3B in aqueous solutions

A novel amphoteric granular lignin adsorbent(AGLA) was prepared using magnesium lignosulfonate as a raw material which was provided by a straw sulfite pulp mill in Guangdong Province, China. A reactive dye(red K-3B) was used as an adsorbate to investigate the adsorption behavior by static and mobile ways. The removal of reactive red K-3B was found to be initially pH and concentration dependent.Moreover, an increase of solution temperature ranging from 5℃ to 60℃ helped to enhance the rate of intraparticle diffusion of adsorbate and changes in the size of the pores of the adsorbent and thus to reduce the adsorption time. The total breakthrough adsorption capacity was 531 mg/g, and the saturated adsorption capacity was 560 mg/g, which prevailed over the activated carbons evidently. The reactive red K-3B adsorbed on AGLA could be recovered with a mixture of alcohol, NaCI and HCI aqueous solutions. The recovery percentage could reach 92.4%.     

Viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultures for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent

Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent(ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study.Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH_4~+ with a biomass productivity of(0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of(10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH_4~+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE(up to 525 mg/L NH_4~+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH_4~+ and biomass productivity of(0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems(attached and non-attached) evaluated,microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.     

基于达标保证率的昆明市污水处理厂出水水质评价

采用多元统计分析,将水质分级评价法和达标保证率法相结合,评价了昆明市7座污水处理厂出水水质.以《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A限值为达标基准,7座污水处理厂出水COD达标保证率均为100%、出水BOD5和SS达标保证率分别在94%和95%以上,不同污水处理厂出水TP、NH3-N和TN的达标保证率表现出较大差异,多维标度分析表明,出水TP的达标保证率与其他指标的偏离程度最大.将污染指标的达标保证率进行分级,建立污水处理厂污染指标达标满意程度评价规则,并制定出水水质的达标控制指标清单.结果表明,TP是第二和第七污水处理厂的重点控制指标,是第三污水处理厂的Ⅰ级控制指标;TN是第三和第七污水处理厂的Ⅰ级控制指标;NH3-N是第一和第三污水处理厂的Ⅰ级控制指标.     

在总量控制体系下实施点源与非点源排污交易的理论研究

阐述了点源与非点源排污交易的基本思路，通过边际削减成本的比较，对交易的经济可行性进行了分析，并指出此种交易模式与传统的点源治理模式的成本差异。在给定的简化条件下，提出了单一点源与单一非点源的交易模型。