动态污水处理过程的多模型动态矩阵控制

针对活性污泥法污水处理系统的强耦合和动态变化特性,提出一种用于前置反硝化脱氮工艺的多模型动态矩阵(DMC)解耦控制方法;通过K-均值聚类分析法对外界入水中氨氮浓度进行聚类,获得以聚类中心为入水氨氮浓度的静态模型集合,分别设计线性DMC解耦控制器;再以当前时刻外界进水氨氮浓度和聚类中心为基本元素,构造切换函数,实现多模型切换。将该方法应用于活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)中,获得了较好的动态仿真效果。     

基于熵权和层次分析法的VOCs处理技术综合评价

针对化工行业所使用的VOCs控制技术,综合考虑了环境、经济、管理以及技术4个一级因素以及13个二级因素对化工企业中常用的VOCs控制技术进行综合评价,建立基于熵权法与层次分析法相结合的模糊综合评价模型,对9种VOCs末端治理技术进行量化分析评价.阐述了备选VOCs的排放控制技术筛选方法、指标体系的构建以及评价方法,最后...     

改进的TLI指数法及其在巢湖营养状态评价中的应用

对巢湖2000—2008年的监测数据运用SPSS做统计分析,得出叶绿素a与总氮、总磷和透明度的相关系数。通过得出的权重结果,分析出与26个湖泊的差异性,构建了改进的综合营养状态指数(TLI)评价方法,并提出评价的4个步骤。以巢湖为例,运用该方法对湖泊的营养状态进行评价,且对巢湖的富营养化程度做了年际和年内变化的综合评价,评价结果显示各营养物指标的相关关系在近30年有了较大变化,巢湖的富营养化现象已日益严重,已从轻度富营养化状态转变为中度富营养化状态。     

A method for the determination of rhodamine b and brilliant sulfaflavine on cotton string collectors and in a spray tank solution mixture

Abstract

A fluorescent method for the determination of rhodamine B (RhB) and brilliant sulfaflavine (BSF) dual tracers on cotton string collectors and in spray tank solutions was developed for the evaluation of the effects of adjuvants on the atmospheric drift of agricultural sprays. Both tracers on collectors were extracted with deionized water simultaneously and measured directly with a Fluorescent Specrometer by switching the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths. The linear ranges of the RhB and BSF standard curves were 0–50 and 0–10 ppb respectively. Recoveries of tracers on cotton strings ranged from 92.9% ± 1.1% to 95.1% ± 1.0% for RhB and 91.9% ± 2.8% to 103% ± 0.6% for BSF when spiked levels ranged from 0.25 to 2.5 μg per collector. The detection limit of the instrument was approximately 0.1 ppb for both tracers. The detection limits of the analytical method were approximately 0.1 ppb for RhB and 0.3 ppb for BSF when the background levels of cotton strings were subtracted. The presence of one tracer in the solution did not significantly interfere with the detection of the other tracer in the same solution. The presence of adjuvants added to the spray tank solutions did not interfere with the detection of both tracers when the adjuvants were applied at the manufacturer's maximum recommendation rates.     

Ozone-driven photocatalyzed degradation and mineralization of pesticide,Triclopyr by Au/TiO2

Triclopyr is a widely used pesticide which is non-biodegradable and enters aquatic systems. The ozone facilitated photocatalyzed degradation and mineralization of Triclopyr using Au-loaded titania as heterogeneous catalyst is reported. The oxidative degradation activity of the hazardous pesticide was investigated at pH 7.8 under varied reaction conditions, including in presence and absence of ozone, titania alone, in presence and absence of light and with different loadings of Au on support. Photocatalysis with 2% Au/TiO₂ in the presence of ozone yielded 100% degradation of Triclopyr in 2 h. The extent of degradation of pesticide and its mineralization were confirmed by GC-MS. For 10 mg/L of Triclopyr, 0.1 g/L of catalyst was found to be the optimum for mineralization. Results show that photocatalyzed ozonation with Au/TiO₂ as catalyst is a very effective for its removal. No leaching of Au was observed in triplicate runs. Catalyst was fully recoverable and reusable with no loss of activity.     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水中氨氮的干扰因素识别及预处理方法研究

采用气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水样品中的氨氮,重点考察海水中共存离子对氨氮测定结果的影响规律,识别测定过程中主要的干扰因素,并提出消除干扰的预处理方法.研究结果表明,碘离子会对氨氮的测定产生负干扰,当样品中碘离子质量浓度达到0.0765 g/L时,氨氮的测定结果与标准值相比明显降低,且在碘离子质量浓度达到0.1910 g...     

溶解性有机碳对微库仑法测定水中可吸附有机卤素的影响

微库仑法测水样中可吸附有机卤素(AOX)受多种因素影响,其中溶解性有机碳(DOC)的影响非常显著。DOC对微库仑法2种前处理方法(双柱法和振荡法)的影响差异很大。双柱法受DOC影响较小,当DOC浓度小于1 000 mg/L时,AOX加标回收率范围为94.0%~104%。振荡法受DOC影响较明显,随着DOC浓度的升高,AOX回收率持续下降,当DOC浓度达到1 000 mg/L时,AOX加标回收率下降至72.1%,但DOC浓度小于100 mg/L时,AOX加标回收满足方法要求。进一步研究发现,DOC对振荡法的影响主要由于竞争吸附降低了活性炭对AOX的吸附容量,而非吸附速率,虽然增大活性炭用量可在一定程度上减小DOC对AOX测定的影响,但对样品进行稀释是减少DOC影响的最简单高效的办法。同时,DOC对不同类型的有机卤代物影响不同,有机溴受DOC影响程度小于有机氯。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法直接测定环境水样中8种有机磷农药

建立了一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）同时测定环境水样中8种有机磷农药的分析方法。以地表水、地下水、污水和废水样品作为代表性水样基底,前处理方法仅采用简单的滤膜过滤,在C₁₈柱分离后,在多反应监测模式下进行分析检测。结果表明,敌百虫、毒死蜱等有机磷农药在样品保存过程中迅速发生降解,分析须在样本采集后1 d内完成;该方法的检出限为0.10~0.20 μg/L,线性拟合相关系数（r）均>0.995;不同基底、不同浓度的加标回收实验表明,8种有机磷农药在环境基底中的回收率为74.5%~118%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~8.6%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确性好,在未来环境监测工作中具有较好的应用前景。     

土壤微塑料监测技术现状及方法标准化建议

系统梳理土壤微塑料监测全过程技术方法,包括样品采集和制备、识别与定量、质量保证与质量控制(QA/QC)等环节,比较各方法优缺点,探讨土壤中微塑料监测方法标准化措施,建议完善土壤微塑料监测全过程QA/QC,制定涵盖全流程的监测技术规范,有序建立针对不同监测目标的分析方法标准体系,为土壤微塑料的监测与评估提供技术支撑。     

“加压上浮法”应急除藻技术在水源地的应用示范

近年来,太湖蓝藻水华问题日趋严峻,除藻技术是解决该问题最直接而有效的手段,对现有各类除藻技术进行了比较,并以"加压上浮法"应急除藻技术在苏州阳澄湖局部地区的示范工程为例,介绍了该方法的技术原理、技术实现以及在工程应用中的实际意义,为同行在水源地或特殊功能区除藻技术的应用提供参考。