基于本质安全的化学工艺风险评价方法研究

基于本质安全原理对化学工艺进行风险评价,以易燃性、易爆性、毒性、腐蚀性、反应热、化学活性、工艺温度、工艺压力和存储量9个指标,建立化学工艺的本质安全评价指标体系。采用基于遗传算法的Shepard插值算法对本质安全进行评价,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯的合成工艺路线为例进行分析,结果表明该方法适用于化学工艺本质安全评价,相对传统方法更加科学,能够有效对危险工艺进行选择,为政府监管部门和化工企业提供工艺选择决策技术。     

Estimates of soil erosion using cesium-137 tracer models

The soil erosion was studied by ¹³⁷Cs technique in Yatagan basin in Western Turkey, where there exist intensive agricultural activities. This region is subject to serious soil loss problems and yet there is not any erosion data towards soil management and control guidelines. During the soil survey studies, the soil profiles were examined carefully to select the reference points. The soil samples were collected from the slope facets in three different study areas (Kırtas, Peynirli and Kayısalan Hills). Three different models were applied for erosion rate calculations in undisturbed and cultivated sites. The profile distribution model (PDM) was used for undisturbed soils, while proportional model (PM) and simplified mass balance model (SMBM) were used for cultivated soils. The mean annual erosion rates found using PDM in undisturbed soils were 15 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ at the Peynirli Hill and 27 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ at the Kırtas Hill. With the PM and SMBM in cultivated soils at Kayışalan, the mean annual erosion rates were obtained to be 65 and 116 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. The results of ¹³⁷Cs technique were compared with the results of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).     

Climate citizenship in the European union: environmental citizenship as an analytical concept

The concept of environmental citizenship is employed as an analytical tool to determine what kind of climate citizenship(s) the citizen-directed material in the European Commission’s climate change campaign is constructing. The research material is read, analysed and interpreted through elements attached to environmental citizenship: the realm of activity, political space, depth of activity, level of activity, citizen virtues, citizen rights and responsibilities and conception of the environment. The results suggest that climate citizenship is considered mainly as a private sphere activity performed by individuals and consists mainly in small adjustments in daily life. Climate citizens are motivated to everyday-life mitigation by personal benefit, greenhouse gas emissions and preserving natural resources.     

生态资本运营机制:基于绿色发展的分析

生态资本是一种重要的资本形态,要实现经济社会的绿色发展,必须重视生态资源节约利用和生态环境建设,建立健全生态资本运营机制,促进生态资本的良性运营,以维持生态资本存量的非减性。本研究在全球绿色转型与绿色发展背景下,采用生态经济学和系统分析方法,探讨如何突破我国经济社会发展面临的资源约束和环境压力,提出建立健全生态资本运营机制的基本构想和分析框架。本研究认为,生态资本运营的内核和目标与绿色发展的要求是完全一致的,完善的生态资本运营机制框架体系应包括生态资本运营的积累机制、转换机制、补偿机制和激励机制。"积累机制"是一般资本运营所具备的步骤,"转换机制"是生态资本运营特有的步骤和内在过程,正是生态资本运营的特殊性,同时需要建立健全"补偿机制"和"激励机制",这是生态资本运营的外在保障措施。因此,要充分调动政府、市场和社会力量参与生态资本运营的积极性,促进生态资本的可持续利用,最终实现经济社会的绿色发展。     

Select indicators and prioritize solutions for desertification and drought in Binh Thuan,Vietnam

The link between climate change and desertification is an important global problem for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The coastal provinces in Southern Centre Vietnam are strongly influenced by desertification, which is further exacerbated by climate change. The Delphi method was used to select sustainability indicators and then a method of an analytical hierarchy process was applied to prioritize sustainable solutions in Binh Thuan experts to elicit the causes and effects of desertification. According to the panel of 23 experts, 27 cause (e.g. rainfall and sunshine duration) and 22 effect (e.g. rice and agriculture) indicators were of particular importance to desertification and drought in the province. The highest priorities for cause are given to emigration, followed by income from industry and water supply for household use. The highest priorities for effect in the area are given to socioeconomic criteria, and in particular to the sub-criteria resettlement due to development projects, building hydropower reservoirs, and implementing irrigation schemes. The system of indicators provides useful information for the future studies. This study provides a means to uncover the most important criteria perceived as major contributors to desertification and as such enables policy-makers to prioritize solutions for Binh Thuan (Vietnam) by 2015 and a vision in 2020.     

环境化学物对雄(男)性生殖损伤的评价指标及检测技术

随着工业的迅速发展,迄今为止,已有大约10万种化学物进入人们的日常生活.人们在生产和生活中接触的许多种环境化学物都会影响人类的生殖功能,使人类的生育能力特别是精子的质量和数量发生显著改变.环境化学物所造成的生殖损伤日益受到人们的重视,检测方法和检测技术日益成熟和完善.但大多数环境化学物对生殖的损害目前尚未得到全面地研究和认识,某些毒物的生殖毒性也需要重新认识与评价,生殖毒理学的研究任务迫切而艰巨.动物实验是生殖毒性评价中最主要的方法.在总结近年来国内外相关研究基础上综述了环境化学物动物实验中雄(男)性生殖损伤评价指标及检测技术,以期对环境化学物生殖毒性评价提供借鉴和参考.     

水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯类物质实用分析方法的确定

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是危害性严重的一类持久性有害污染物。含量极微,测定难度大。通过试验对比了液液萃取、固相萃取富集技术和液相色谱、气质联机测定方法对水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的分析测定。结果表明,固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱方法是实验室条件下,水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的优化分析方法。     

A two-dimensional analytical model of PEMFC with dead-ended anode

ABSTRACT

When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) works in the mode of dead-ended anode (DA), the water and the nitrogen in the cathode flow channel will diffuse, and accumulate, to the anode flow channel resulting in fuel starvation on the anode side as well as the performance degradation of PEMFC, which has an important impact on the durability and working state of PEMFC. Because the PEMFC performance is closely related to the cathode working parameters, in order to study the influence of the cathode working parameters on the performance of the PEMFC with DA, a two-dimensional analytical model of PEMFC with DA is established in this article, and the parameters in the model are corrected by experiments. The effects of humidity, stoichiometric ratio and working pressure of cathode gas on the performance of PEMFC with DA are studied by model and experiment, as well as the effects of these working parameters on the accumulation process and distribution of water vapor and nitrogen on the anode side, and the relative performance of PEMFC with DA under different cathode working parameters is obtained. This model is of great significance to guide the practical work of the PEMFC with DA.     

SEJF多功能水处理器及其在印染废水处理中的应用

SEJF多功能水处理器是将物化处理与生化处理有机结合在一起的水处理设备,可在一器内完成均质、曝气、混合、反应和固液分离数种功能.采用SEJF多功能水处理器工艺对印染废水进行处理,工程实践表明,该水处理器工艺具有高效、节能、节地、节资等优点,而且处理效果稳定,运行费用低,操作管理方便,灵活性和适应性强.     

人工湿地生态修复旅游景区污染水体的研究

提出了采用人工湿地并配合植物操控技术治理旅游景区污染水体,并建立了示范工程.经调试运行,在日处理水量为145 m3条件下,人工湿地对TN、TP、COD和BOD5的去除率分别为63.12%,40.47%,83.07%和73.45%.工程通过2个月的运行,污染水体的水质得到明显改善.该技术为旅游景区和景点的污水治理提供了新途径.