微生物遗传学在环境工程中的应用及原理探讨

微生物遗传学应用到环境工程领域 ,给传统的水污染控制技术和环境监测方法注入了新的活力。本文着重探讨了水处理中污泥驯化的微生物遗传学原理 ,同时评述了微生物遗传学在环境工程中的应用现状 ,分析了其中存在的问题 ,并指出了今后进一步发展的方向。     

Using MCA tools for evaluating community-managed forests from a green economy perspective: lessons from Nepal

ABSTRACT

Nepal is in the process of formulating its forest policies at the provincial level . Various community-managed forests have been designed in the past by the Nepal government to decentralize the forest for its sustainable management practice. This study facilitates the process of identifying appropriate forest management options in two of the provinces, namely Provinces Three and Gandaki. Four forest management options – passive, active, scientific and multiple – were identified following the existing management practices. For the evaluation of the overall performance of the options, a framework with three criteria, 10 indicators and 28 verifiers were designed. The framework followed the green economy perspective considering the improvement of the forest conditions, economic and social well-being, and low carbon emission. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to prioritize the best management option and analyse trade-offs to guide future decision-making and reduce the risk of unwanted consequences. Our results show that the elicitation of preferences for the evaluation criteria varied by stakeholder groups. Their preference was largely guided by improving the forest resource condition and economic well-being. Foresters prefer scientific and active forest management, policymakers prefer multiple-use forest management and scientific management, whereas community forest user groups prefer active forest management. We argue that a scientific management approach may contribute better to economic aspects, although it may often compromise the other aspects. The multiple forest management option seems to be the best for green economy considering ecological, economic and social consequences.     

湖南道县后江桥铁锰铅锌矿区水文地质条件分析及涌水量预测研究

矿坑突涌水在矿体开采过程中经常出现,严重制约了矿产资源的开发利用,有时也威胁到矿区附近人民生命财产安全。因此,如何有效开展矿区涌水量预测成为保证矿区安全开采所面临的关键问题。通过对湖南道县铁锰铅锌矿区水文地质条件研究分析,采用解析法对矿区涌水量进行了预测评价,为矿区开采方案制定提供依据。     

基于BP神经网络的绿色建筑评价

绿色建筑是指在建筑的全寿命周期内,最大限度地节约资源,保护环境和减少污染,为人们提供健康、适用和高效的使用空间,与自然和谐共生。根据绿色建筑的特点,确立绿色建筑评价指标体系,并运用管理理论中的层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价方法(Fuzzy),提出了人工神经网络(ANN)评价模型。评估结果表明,该评价体系用于绿色建筑等级综合评价是快速、有效的。     

Developing a new alternative risk assessment framework in the work sites by including a stochastic and a deterministic process: A case study for the Greek Public Electric Power Provider

An individual method cannot achieve the optimum risk-assessment result in the worksites, and future perspectives should focus on the parallel application of a deterministic approach with a stochastic approach. In particular, the risk analysis and assessment techniques of the deterministic (DET) approach are classified into three main categories: (a) the qualitative, (b) the quantitative, and (c) the hybrid techniques (qualitative-quantitative, semi-quantitative). Furthermore, the stochastic (STO) approach includes the classic statistical approach (CSA) and the accident forecasting modeling (AFM). The objective of this paper is triple: (a) the presentation and classification of the main risk analysis and risk assessment methods and techniques of the deterministic approach and the stochastic approach as well, (b) the development and presentation of a new alternative risk assessment framework (called as STODET) including a stochastic and a deterministic process, and (c) the application of STODET in the Greek Public Power Corporation (PPC) by using occupational accidents that have been recorded, during the 17-year period of 1993-2009. In particular, the STODET application proves that required actions (or suppressive measures) are essential and must be taken in a medium-term period (1 working year) for abolishing the hazard sources.     

电力企业安全生产党政责任指标体系构建及量化研究

根据“党政同责、一岗双责、失职追责”的安全生产责任落实要求,为了划清电力企业行政正职与党组织负责人安全生产责任,分析电力企业安全生产责任研究现状,结合电力行业特点,设计电力企业党政安全生产责任指标体系,应用层次分析法确定责任体系指标权重。结果表明:以电力企业党政安全生产责任指标体系为基础得到的党政责任权重并不相同,行政正职所占权重明显大于党组织负责人,其中,安全宣传教育活动全员参与率为党组织负责人责任落实首要指标,重特大生产安全事故发生情况为行政正职最重要的指标。应通过明确党政安全生产责任侧重点,实现权责对等,达到同责要求。     

利用现有设备和技术控制燃煤烟气汞污染研究进展

就当前国内外利用现有气体净化设备和传统的脱汞技术进行燃煤电站汞污染控制研究进展进行了综述,并对各类设备与技术的脱汞特点进行了比较和分析,提出了适合我国国情的研究方向建议。     

分子技术在湿地微生物群落解析中的应用

人工湿地的研究和应用近年来受到了广泛重视。微生物是人工湿地系统的重要组成部分,其群落结构对于湿地的净化功能的发挥具有重要影响。与传统的微生物分析技术相比,分子生物学技术在解析人工湿地微生物群落结构时无需纯培养,具有高效、快速、简便的特点,使其广泛应用于环境微生物的研究。文章综述了近年来在聚合酶链反应技术（Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR）基础上发展起来的几种新的分子生物技术,包括PCR-DGGE、LH-PCR、T-RFLP、PCR-SSCP和ARDRA,以及其在人工湿地微生物研究中的应用现状。通过这些分子技术,可以分析湿地处理特定废水过程中微生物的数量、丰度、多样性及优势种;鉴定湿地中特定功能菌群（如氨氧化细菌、反硝化细菌、除硫菌等）的数量、活动分布、空间变更及与污染物去除的关系;判断各种系统条件（如不同基质、植物、水力负荷等）的设置对微生物多样性和稳定性的影响。最后,对分子技术在湿地领域的未来发展进行了展望。     

Petrochemical markets in the UK: Methodological aspects of assessing future demand

This article focuses on how input-output techniques could be applied to study the petrochemical industry in general and plastics materials in particular. The theory serves as a tool for understanding the operations of the industry and, therefore, allows for a better control and organization of its development process.     

钻井液环保性能评价与分析方法研究

通过对国内外与钻井液相关的环保标准、管理指南等规范性文件的调研,结合我国陆上油田清洁生产与环境保护的实际情况,提出将钻井液的环保性能评价项目分为生物毒性、生物降解性、重金属(总镉、总汞、总铅、总铬、总砷)、石油类和pH值等5类9项,并推荐了相应的评价分析方法。