折流式水解反应器处理印染废水水温影响研究

在水温为5℃、9.7℃、14.9℃、19.7℃、23.5℃和31.1℃6种温度的条件下,应用折流式水解反应器对印染废水进行水解试验研究.结果表明,提高水温可增大COD、色度及UVA254的去除效率,相应的ORP值变小,pH值升高,水解程度加深.水温5℃时,水解效果较差;水温在10～23.5℃内,水解效果相对较好,31.1℃水解效果最好,研究结果能为工程应用提供一定的参考.     

工业废水为主的城市污水A/O工艺启动研究

文章研究了以工业废水为主的城市污水A/O处理工艺的启动。结果表明,水解酸化池的酸性出水经过曝气池氧化后,pH值基本稳定在7.41左右。随进水中工业废水比例的增加,水解酸化池的COD去除率明显下降,但曝气池的出水质量仍较好。氨氮的去除率起初下降,接着逐渐提升并趋于稳定,但总氮的去除率一直呈上升趋势。色度随工业废水比例的增加而增大,但出水色度一直维持在较好的水平。     

污泥缺氧好氧消化的减量研究

实验主要进行缺氧好氧工艺在不同运行条件下消化效果的研究;在常温和中温下,与传统污泥好氧消化处理的效果对比,并进行pH等控制参数的统计规律分析,提出优化处理工艺条件,也为污泥缺氧好氧消化工艺的设计、运行管理和进一步研究提供可靠的理论依据。     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Monitoring the impact of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on anoxic biofilm in continuous denitrification process

An anoxic biofilm involved in continuous denitrificationprocess was monitored to investigate the effect of differentconcentrations of influent dissolved oxygen (DO) or nitrite onthe biofilm. Microelectrode measurements evidenced nitrateremoval activity of biofilm. When different concentrations ofDO were applied to the reactor, generally decreasedconcentrations of DO were observed as bed depth increased fromthe bottom of the reactor. Greatest decrease of the DO wasobserved in the lower 20% of the bed depth. Nitrate removalefficiency was inversely proportional to influent DOconcentrations (8.3-11.9 DO mg L^-1) or nitrite loadingrates (0-5.5 N-NO₂ ^- kg m^-3 day^-1) employed in this study. Nitrite loading rates to achieve morethan 90% of nitrate removal efficiency were 1.46 N-NO₂ ^-kg m^-3 day^-1 or less at pH 7.5 and 0.34 N-NO₂ ^- kg m^-3 day^-1 or less at pH 6.8. Nitrate removal efficiency was 63% or more within the lower 20% of the bed depth at the nitrite loading rates that allowed more than 90% of nitrate removal efficiency of the reactor. The results of this study provide first quantitative data that nitrate removalperformance of an anoxic biofilm is inhibited by DO or nitrite,reported to be a limiting factor in the suspended biologicaldenitrification process.     

连续流间隙曝气前缺氧生物反应器处理分散污水的生产性试验研究

针对一种用于小流量分散型污水处理的连续流间隙曝气前缺氧生物反应器进行生产性试验.在持续近1年的运行监测和工况优化过程中,考察了不同曝气时间比、混合液回流比、水力停留时间(HRT)等组合工况下该生物反应器去除COD、氮、磷的效果.结果表明,反应器可以维持高的污泥浓度,进而高效去除污水中的COD.脱氮效率可通过调节工艺运行参数来提高:在进水流量一定时,减少曝气时间比(即增加停曝时长);在曝气强度一定时,调低混合液回流比;当进水流量升高时,同时增加曝气时间比与循环时长.当反应器达到稳态运行后,在水温17.4~28.6℃、曝气时间比0.5、曝气阶段平均溶氧浓度约1.0 mg·L~(-1)、总HRT 16.6 h、混合液回流比1.5条件下,COD、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除率分别可达90%、90%、70%~80%、80%,出水COD、NH_4~+-N、TN指标均满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级A排放标准,出水TP指标满足一级B排放标准.     

反硝化聚磷菌的培养及其脱氮除磷特性

采用SBR反应器驯化培养反硝化聚磷菌,考察了厌氧-缺氧-好氧和厌氧-缺氧运行模式下反硝化聚磷菌的增殖情况、反应器的脱氮除磷特性及胞内聚合物聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)和糖原的合成消耗情况。实验结果表明:经过72 d(288个周期)的驯化培养,SBR反应器内反硝化聚磷菌的数量约占全部聚磷菌的84.5%;厌氧-缺氧培养方式下,反硝化聚磷菌的释磷速率为34.5 mg/(L·h),缺氧吸磷速率为23.0 mg/(L·h),缺氧阶段每降解1.0 mg/L的PO_4~(3-)-P需要消耗1.0 mg/L的NO_3~--N;每消耗6.3 mg/L的COD生成1 mg/g的PHB,每降解1 mol的PHB约生成0.73 mol的糖原。     

药物对A/A/O系统中NDMA及其总前体物去除的影响

在厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)脱氮除磷系统中分别投加氯苯那敏和雷尼替丁,研究了这两种含有二甲胺基团的药物对A/A/O系统中N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)及其总前体物去除效果的影响.结果表明, A/A/O系统对氯苯那敏和雷尼替丁的去除率较低,分别为32%和58%,且主要通过厌氧过程去除.外加氯苯那敏会导致系统对总氮的去除率从58%降至24%,同时引起出水氨氮浓度上升.雷尼替丁的投加会明显抑制系统对NDMA的去除,其去除率从90%降至66%.A/A/O反应器中NDMA的去除并不完全受生物脱氮过程的影响.由于具有较高的NDMA生成潜能,外加氯苯那敏,雷尼替丁会引起进水中NDMA总前体物浓度大幅增加,且导致A/A/O系统对NDMA总前体物的去除率明显下降 (从70%降到31%~33%).     

基于数学模型的AAO系统阶跃响应特性分析

以厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)工艺数学模型为基础,利用灵敏度分析和响应速度从幅度和动力学两方面进行了AAO工艺操作变量的阶跃响应特性分析.结果表明,在AAO系统中,进水流量(Qf)、剩余污泥排放量(WAS)、污泥回流量(RAS)和混合液回流量(MLR)对出水水质的灵敏度较高.其中,WAS的响应速度较慢,适用于系统的长期调整.好氧区溶解氧(DO)适合于出水氨氮的短期调整,RAS和MLR对于出水总氮均是灵敏、快速的变量,RAS会显著影响出水总磷,而MLR对出水总磷影响很小.AAO系统功能性菌群受Qf影响很大.除Qf外,WAS和RAS是对异养菌和自养菌浓度影响较大的变量,聚磷菌浓度对操作变量的灵敏度大小顺序为WAS>MLR>RAS>DO.     

后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺处理低C/N城市污水

为处理低碳源生活污水,以内碳源反硝化途径为出发点,开发了后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺.该工艺仅在UCT分段进水最后一好氧段末端增加了后置缺氧环节,以强化微生物内碳源储存能力.在低C/N水平（平均进水C/N=3.1±1.5）的生活污水条件下,后置缺氧UCT分段进水工艺实现了平均75.3%的TN去除率,运行61d后同步硝化反硝化去除的氮量高达31.5%;运行40d后污泥内碳源储存水平比原工艺污泥提高12.2%,9小时比内源反硝化速率由零提高至5.56mgN/（gVSS×d）,系统可通过好氧段同步硝化内源反硝化（SNED）提高TN去除率.污泥沉降性能有明显改善：SVI值由350mL/g降至97mL/g,而原UCT分段进水工艺污泥仍然膨胀.该工艺仅在原工艺基础上增加了一后置缺氧段,无需外加碳源和额外硝化液回流设施,有利于水厂升级改造.