Microtrace Metalloids Speciation in Lakes Water Samples (Poland)

This paper presents the results of the determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium concentrations of inorganic speciation in surface water samples from Gniezno city (western Poland) and its neighborhood. The concentration of elements were up to 1.85 ng/ml for arsenic, 1.61 ng/ml for antimony and 0.45 ng/ml for selenium (detection limits: 0.04 ng/ml for As and Sb and 0.03 ng/ml for Se). A variety of concentrations for the determined elements has been obtained in waters from Gniezno city’s neighborhood and in water from down-town reservoirs which are under strong anthropogenic pressure.     

锑锍渣中回收金试验研究

通过对"浮选+氰化浸出"工艺回收锑锍渣中金的试验研究,确锍渣中金的综合回收率可达80%-85%,既减少了污染,又回收了有价资源,有明显的经济和环境效益.     

铁锰复合氧化物同时吸附锑镉性能研究

以五价锑（Sb（V））和镉（Cd²⁺）为对象,考察了二者单独存在和共存体系下铁锰复合氧化物（FMBO）对其吸附性能,探讨了Sb（V）（或Cd²⁺）的吸附对Cd²⁺（或Sb（V））吸附的影响.研究发现,单独存在体系下Sb（V）和Cd²⁺的吸附常数K_F分别为0.48和1.13 L·mg^-1,而共存体系下则分别提高至1.88和1.51 L·mg^-1;Elovich动力学模型可较好地描述共存条件下Cd²⁺与Sb（V）在FMBO表面的吸附,表明该体系的吸附为多层吸附且为非均相扩散过程;吸附48 h后Sb（V）和Cd²⁺的最大吸附量分别达到0.32和1.43 mmol·g^-1;Sb（V）在偏酸性而Cd²⁺在偏碱性pH范围具有较好的吸附效果.Sb（V）（或Cd²⁺）通过改变FMBO表面ζ电位和反应平衡pH等机制影响Cd²⁺（或Sb（V））的吸附.此外,XPS和吸附后水相铁锰浓度结果显示,Cd²⁺可能与FMBO体相中Mn²⁺进行晶格置换并促进Mn²⁺的溶出,进而促进了Sb（V）的吸附.     

磷酸盐对硫化亚铁(FeS)吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响机理研究

还原环境(如湖泊、海洋沉积物)中,FeS是重金属的重要载体。在富营养化过程中,磷酸盐可能对重金属在FeS上的吸附行为产生重要影响。本文通过不同pH、磷酸盐浓度的批次试验,结合X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射透射电子电镜-能谱仪(TEM-EDS)固体分析手段,进行磷酸盐对FeS吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响研究。结果表明:酸性和中性条件下,磷酸盐会与FeS溶解释放的Fe(Ⅱ)反应生成磷酸亚铁沉淀,促进FeS溶解,同时释放出更多的H₂S(aq)/HS^-与Sb(Ⅲ)结合形成Sb₂S₃沉淀,从而促进溶液中Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附。碱性条件下,FeS对Sb(Ⅲ)只有吸附作用,而磷酸盐会占据FeS表面部分的吸附位点,与Sb(Ⅲ)形成竞争关系,进而抑制溶液中Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附。     

都柳江水系沉积物锑等重金属空间分布特征及生态风险

以都柳江沉积物为研究对象,通过系统采集表层沉积物样品,测定其重金属含量,查明了流域沉积物中重金属空间分布特征,结合主成分分析和相关性分析等统计学方法探讨了都柳江表层水系沉积物中重金属的来源,并利用地累积指数法、富集因子法和生态风险指数法评估了沉积物中重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险.结果表明:(1)都柳江表层沉积物中Sb含量极高,可达7 080 mg·kg~(-1),且从上游到下游呈现逐渐降低的趋势,As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Tl和Zn等含量变化不大;(2)主成分分析提取的两个因子的累积贡献率达到77.67%,表明沉积物中重金属来源主要包括:矿业活动和自然源等;(3)地累积指数和富集因子表明,都柳江水系沉积物中Sb污染最为严重,其次是As和Cd,Co、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Tl和Zn的污染较轻,未受Cr污染;(4)各金属Hakanson潜在生态风险指数(Eir)依次为SbCdAsCoNiPbCuZnCr,而重金属综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)结果表明,中度生态风险及以上等级的样品约占58.1%,严重生态风险等级的样点主要集中在受锑矿采选冶活动影响和支流八洛河汇入后等周边采样点位;都柳江流域各重金属生态风险指数在综合指数中占主导地位的是Sb,表明Sb在都柳江流域水系沉积物中具有极强的生态风险性.     

零价铁去除水中锑(Sb)的研究

锑(Sb)是一种新兴的全球性污染物,在我国西南Sb矿区及周边地区Sb污染严重。本文研究了零价铁(ZVI)对Sb的去除效果,研究了ZVI投加量、Sb的初始浓度、pH值及阴离子等因素的影响。结果表明,ZVI对Sb具有较好的去除效果。通过ZVI对Sb去除动力学拟合,Sb的去除符合一级动力学方程;Sb的去除效率在偏酸性条件下比较高,在pH=5时,去除率达到68.98%;在pH=7时,Sb的去除率仅有23.36%;无机阴离子均在不同程度上影响Sb的去除,特别是PO43-对ZVI去除Sb有明显的抑制作用。     

Removal of antimony from antimony mine flotation wastewater by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes

Antimony (Sb) has received increasing environmental concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic properties. In the present work, the electrocoagulation technique was used to treat the flotation wastewater from a heavy antimony polluted area, and the mechanism of removing Sb was also investigated. The study focused on the effect of operation parameters such as current density, initial pH and standing time on the Sb removal efficiency. Antimony concentration of below 1 mg/L in the treated wastewater was achieved, which meets the emission standards established by State Department of Environmental Protection and State Administration of China for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine of China.     

不同来源腐殖酸对三价锑的光氧化作用及影响因素

三价锑是有毒金属锑生物地球化学循环中的不稳定还原态,其在腐殖酸体系中的光氧化过程可能是水体环境中Sb（Ⅲ）转化的重要途径.通过室内模拟实验,探讨了光照条件下不同来源腐殖酸对Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化反应特征,并考察腐殖酸浓度、Sb（Ⅲ）初始浓度、溶液pH值、环境中普遍存在的阴阳离子等环境因素对光氧化作用的影响.结果表明：Sb（Ⅲ）在腐殖酸溶液中的光化学反应过程符合准一级动力学规律.反应体系中腐殖酸浓度的升高有利于促进Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化作用,而Sb（Ⅲ）初始浓度增加则抑制其光氧化作用,Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化速率常数随溶液pH值的升高而逐渐增大,褐煤来源腐殖酸对Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化速率常数高于土壤来源腐殖酸.水环境中NO₃^-的存在促进了腐殖酸对Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化作用,而Cl^-、SO₄^2-和Na⁺未对Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化作用产生显著影响.羟基和超氧自由基是Sb（Ⅲ）光氧化反应中的主要活性基团,其中在酸性条件下,羟基自由基对Sb（Ⅲ）的光氧化反应起主导作用,而在中性和碱性条件下超氧自由基起主要作用.     

Tissue distribution of antimony (Sb) in piglets orally given graded levels of Sb (V)

The potential risks from oral intake of soil antimony (Sb) depends mainly on the amount of metal ingested and its bioavailability. Relative bioavailability may be determined by comparing Sb present in soil to a reference compound, taking into account accumulation in different target tissues or excretion. However, due to the lack of scientific knowledge concerning the fate of Sb in the organism, there is a need to study the absorption and distribution of Sb in order to select target tissues for assessment of bioavailability of Sb in soils. Thus, 45 piglets were exposed to a soluble pentavalent antimony salt (KSb(OH)₆), for 15 days at concentrations ranging from 0–1600 µg Sb/kg body weight (BW) per day. Following the exposure period, blood, plasma, liver, spleen, kidneys, hair, bone, bile and urine were obtained to measure Sb concentrations by ICP-MS. Results showed that tissue Sb levels were dose-related. Higher Sb concentrations were found in urine, kidneys, hair, bone and liver. Sb(V) was not detectable in blood and plasma. In the case of highly contaminated soil with soluble forms of Sb in concentrations ranging from 200–1600 µg Sb/kg BW, kidneys, liver and spleen are the most reliable compartments to determine Sb bioavailability from soil. However, for the soils with lower levels of contamination and a low Sb bioaccessibility, urine may serve as a relevant compartment.     

锑污染土壤固化-稳定化的影响因素

通过比较不同稳定剂、固化剂、土壤pH条件下土壤中重金属锑的修复效果,研究了锑的固化-稳定化影响因素并探讨了相关稳定化机理.实验结果表明:铁基稳定剂的效果明显优于磷酸二氢钾和腐殖酸钠,而零价铁的稳定化效果更优于硫酸铁和硫酸亚铁,较适宜的稳定剂投加量为5％(w);水泥做固化剂对锑的稳定化效果优于氧化钙,最佳投加量为5％(w...