催化光度法测定环境样品中微量Hg的研究

在酸性介质中,痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）能显著催化空气中的Ｏ２氧化Ｋ４［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］,生成蓝色化合物,反应对Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）为一级,催化反应的表观活化能为６２．９５ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１．据此建立了测定痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的动力学分析法,测定条件为Ｋ４［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］：１．４×１０－３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,［ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ］：０．１４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,７５℃．在此条件下,线性测定范围为０．０２—０．７０μｇ·ｍｌ－１．本法重现性好,常见共存离子中除Ａｇ（Ｉ）严重干扰外,其余离子不影响测定．测定了水样及污泥样品中的Ｈｇ含量,结果满意     

冻结熔融法对大豆类食品污水污泥脱水性能的影响及应用研究

在试验研究的基础上 ,确定冻结时间和污水污泥的浓度对污泥粒径、沉降性及过滤性能的影响 ,明确用冻结熔融法对污水污泥进行处理的适宜条件。研究表明 ,冻结熔融法能够使污泥粒子粗大化 ,显著提高污泥的沉降性和过滤性能 ;浓缩后的污泥所需的冻结时间更短 ,过滤性能优于化学调节法 ,且冻结熔融法不需要添加混凝剂 ,不会增加泥饼重量 ;经冻结熔融法预处理的腐乳污水污泥机械脱水后 ,可获得含水率为 6 0 %的泥饼 ,较化学调解法下降 18% ,污泥体积下降 30 % ,在促进大豆类污水污泥的资源化回收与利用 ,有着重要的意义     

Benthic Impacts of Intertidal Oyster Culture, with Consideration of Taxonomic Sufficiency

An investigation of the impacts from elevated intertidal Pacific oyster culture in a New Zealand estuary showed enhanced sedimentation beneath culture racks compared with other sites. Seabed elevation beneath racks was generally lower than between them, suggesting that topographic patterns more likely result from a local effect of rack structures on hydrodynamic processes than from enhanced deposition. Compared with control sites, seabed sediments within the farm had a greater silt/clay and organic content, and a lower redox potential and shear strength. While a marked trend in macrofaunal species richness was not evident, species composition and dominance patterns were consistent with a disturbance gradient, with farm effects not evident 35 m from the perimeter of the racks. Of the environmental variables measured, sediment shear strength was most closely associated with the distribution and density of macrofauna, suggesting that human-induced disturbance from farming operations may have contributed to the biological patterns. To evaluate the taxonomic sufficiency needed to document impacts, aggregation to the family level based on Linnean classification was compared with an aggregation scheme based on `general groups' identifiable with limited taxonomic expertise. Compared with species-level analyses, spatial patterns of impact were equally discernible at both aggregation levels used, provided density rather than presence/absence data were used. Once baseline conditions are established and the efficacy of taxonomic aggregation demonstrated, a `general group' scheme provides an appropriate and increasingly relevant tool for routine monitoring.     

小型污水处理系统设计建议

针对小型污水处理系统的特点,着眼于提高处理效率、降低能耗、减少产泥、方便管理、节省占地等原则,对其构筑物、设备及工艺的设计经验和发展趋势进行了较为全面的总结,并提出了相应的具体设计建议.     

克拉玛依城市污水处理工艺分析

克拉玛依南郊污水处理厂采用Orbal氧化沟工艺处理城市生活污水.该工艺构筑物少,操作简便,抗冲击负荷能力强,能适应不同水质水量的冲击.利用该工艺处理的废水出水稳定,出水污染物浓度远低于国家二级排放标准(GB18918-2002),且可以进行污水的二次利用.介绍了该工艺的设计指标、流程、各处理构筑物和设备,对设计特点和处理效果进行了分析.     

改良式人工湿地处理乡镇河流污水工程应用

采用改良式潜流人工湿地工艺处理乡镇河流污水,结果表明,处理系统稳定,操作简单,维持技术要求低,投资低,运行费用低,处理效果好.对于治理乡镇生活及河流污水具有较大的推广应用价值.     

抚顺三宝屯污水处理厂污泥脱水运行管理

介绍了抚顺三宝屯污水处理厂DAT-IAT工艺的污泥脱水工艺流程、工艺参数,及污泥脱水系统的运行状况,分析了运行中出现的问题,总结了污泥脱水的运行管理.     

颗粒活性炭载体新型生物转盘去除生活污水中COD和NH3-N的研究

开发一种改进型生物转盘处理生活污水,将盘片改为转笼状,并向其中加入颗粒活性发作为载体,研究该系统对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明：在转盘转速为15rpm和HRT分别为10h、8h、6h、4．5h情况下,进水COD平均浓度约为223mg／L,出水COD平均浓度分别为15．6、17．9、23．4、28．2mg/L,平均去除率为93．0％、91．9％、89．5％、86．6％;进水NH3-N平均浓度约为22mg／L,出水NH3-N平均浓度分别为0．32、1．13、2．30、5．71mg／L,平均去除率为98．5％、94．8％、89．7％、74．6％。     

城市污水处理厂污泥利用探讨

采用在污水污泥中按不同比例掺入生活垃圾或黄土与砂,进行高温堆制,开发出含多种微量元素的高效有机／无机复合肥和多微有机营养土,并施用于农作物和花卉。结果表明施用后农作物产量增加,花卉植物的株高、花蕾数、根长、根重明显高于对照组。该课题的研究不仅可获得廉价的微量元素复合肥料,而且消除了污水污泥对环境的污染,可创造一定的社会经济效益。     

Can Export-Oriented Aquaculture in Developing Countries be Sustainable and Promote Sustainable Development? The Shrimp Case

Industrial shrimp farming has been promoted by international development and financial institutions in coastal indebted poor countries as a way to obtain foreign exchange earnings, reimburse external debt, and promote development. The promotion of the shrimp industry is a clear example of a more general trend of support of export-oriented primary products, consisting in monocultures of commodities, as opposed to the promotion of more diverse, traditional production directed to feed the local population. In general, it is assumed that export-oriented aquaculture and agriculture, in a framework of liberalization policies, facilitates economic growth and this is associated with poverty reduction and the improvement of food security. However, it has been shown that the promotion of export-oriented production, mostly in the hands of big corporations, can have detrimental consequences for the livelihoods of local populations and the environment. As a result, international institutions, NGOs, and the industry aim to minimize these impacts by promoting sustainable export-oriented production. But some impacts may remain, since the main issue is the primary focus on international deregulated markets and the search for cheap primary products. To illustrate the relationships between the mainstream concept of development, the environmental and social impact of industrial farming systems, and the promotion of export-oriented production in developing countries, this article analyzes the case of the shrimp aquaculture industry.