A Fine-Scale <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>−ε Model for Atmospheric Flow over Heterogeneous Landscapes

A multi-purpose model for small-scale atmospheric flows over heterogeneous landscapes is being developed. The aim of this research is to build a tool able to predict the dynamical (wind, turbulence) and diffusive (gases, particles) fields over landscapes characterised by heterogeneous plant cover. In its present stage of development the model is based on the numerical integration of neutral atmospheric flow equations, using an energy-dissipation closure scheme and over a domain that may include vegetation layers. Three validation cases of the model are presented: (i) response of the airflow to a change in surface roughness; (ii) airflow within and above a horizontally homogeneous plant canopy; (iii) airflow over two complex forest-to-clearing and clearing-to-forest transitions. All simulations provide results in good agreement with the experimental data, except for turbulent kinetic energy just after a clearing-to-forest transition. This result is not surprising for a statistical k– model in a flow region characterised by strong distorsion and intermittent turbulence. However the overall good performance of the model is promising for environmental research at fine scales over heterogeneous landscapes.     

区域大气环境质量变化趋势研究

本文研究了城市及其开发区域大气环境质量变化趋势的计算方法，并对一城市开发区进行了实例研究，应用本文的方法可以对城市及其开发区进行多点源和的影响下大气环境质量模拟。预测，评价与规划。     

气相化学反应中的云盖效应

本文在ＣＢＭ－Ｉ机理的基础上考虑了ＯＨ和ＨＯ２自由基对ＳＯ２的氧化作用和云对光解率的影响，定量研究了气相色化学反应中的云盖效应。结果表明，云的存在将改变整个反应体系的平衡，气态物对云的响应是非线的。     

水中甲苯、对二甲苯磁化-光解耦合过程动力学研究

以甲苯、对二甲苯两种典型苯系污染物为研究对象 ,对其在水中的紫外光解(UV)、磁化 紫外光解 (PM UV)进行了过程动力学比较研究 ,结果证实高强度永久磁场 ( >0 1T)有促进光解的效应 ,并阐述了磁场通过影响污染物光解时 ,自由基对系间跃迁速度的变化而影响反应速度的作用机理 .     

长春市南湖大气降尘长期演变规律

本文统计分析了１９８４－１９９３年长春市南湖大气降尘数据，探讨了冬季与夏季的代表月份以及１０年间的代表年份大气降尘长期演变规律。１０年间冬季降法量呈波浪式递减趋势；从统计来看，冬季１月份降尘最是夏季７朋份降尘量的２．３倍左右；同年度内冬季、春季大风时段的除尘量一般高于夏、秋季；冬季煤烟型大气污染已逐年在所改善，一些自然因素对大气除尘的影响逐渐突出。     

Indicators for Chemicals: Sources,impacts and policy performance (5 pp)

Background Different types of indicators have been developed to describe the impact of chemicals on society and environment. Due to the high number of substances and their different types of use, most of these indicators are directed to specific areas of interest – regarding workplace safety, environmental health or consumer health. They address a specific subset of chemicals and can be used for monitoring enterprise-specific, national or international management measures. Main Features A survey of existing indicators for chemicals has shown that indicators already exist for a remarkable number of problem fields. As soon as the release and the environmental fate of chemicals are taken into account, the complexity of the approaches increases considerably. The distinction between indicators for drivers, pressures, state, impacts and responses, as proposed by the European Environmental Agency, supports the identification of proper indicators for a specific type of problem. Discussion and Conclusions. No single indicator exists which is able to cover the whole range of chemicals and their applications. Several indicator approaches cover at least a subset of the most relevant substances. If they are intended to be used for European monitoring, robust data must be provided by EU Member States. Chemicals in enterprises (ancillary inputs as well as process chemicals) are an important element of in-plant material flow management – in terms of occupational safety and health as well as environmental protection. Existing indicators for hazardous chemicals can be a valuable tool for process and product refinement regarding hazardous chemicals, especially for enterprises. Outlook Indicators for production and impact of chemicals, as well as policy performance indicators, are essential elements in order to monitor the management of chemicals. They have to be established for the national and for the EU level.     

关于确定大气混合层高度的几种方法

本文阐述了大气混合层高度研究在环境保护中的作用，论述了大气混合层高度确定的几种方法，分析了各种方法的特点及应用前景，同时也讨论了目前在我国大气混合层高度研究中提出的一些新方法。     

二氧化硫污染治理及其资源化利用新途径

二氧化硫对环境及人类的危害越来越严重，对其的治理是保护大气环境的重要方面。本文阐述了二氧化硫的污染现状以及治理二氧化硫烟气的主要方法，为烟气脱硫方法的选择提供参考。最后用综合治理二氧化硫污染的实例，说明了环境治理中要尽量采用“绿色技术”，变废为宝，体现环境保护的新思维，实现循环经济的发展要求。     

1998~2016年中国地级以上城市PM2.5污染时空格局

利用1998~2016年全球PM_2.5浓度栅格数据集，以地级以上城市为基本单元提取出PM_2.5浓度数据，采用核密度估计法、全局空间自相关、局部空间自相关、热点分析等方法探讨我国地级以上城市PM_2.5污染的时空格局演化规律.结果显示：①研究期内我国PM_2.5浓度总体呈现上升趋势，年均增长0.55μg/m³；.变化趋势可以分为2个阶段：1998~2007年呈快速增长态势；2008~2016年呈现"下降~增长~下降"的变化趋势.按地区分析，东部和中部地区呈现相似的变化趋势.西部地区和东北地区均整体呈现增长的态势，但西部地区变化较为平缓，东北地区波动较为剧烈.②研究期内核密度曲线峰值逐步右移，这表明中国地级以上城市PM_2.5污染程度总体上在加剧，且东部和中部城市加剧程度远大于西部.③PM_2.5污染在空间分布上具有显著的空间正相关特征.高值聚集区集中分布在山东、河南、河北、江苏、安徽、湖南、湖北的大部分地区以及四川东部地区，1998~2007年间高值聚集城市数量呈现增加的态势，2007年达到峰值，空间上表现为向西部和南部扩张；此后高值集聚城市数量逐渐减少，聚集区南界逐渐北移.低值聚集区集中分布在内蒙古、黑龙江西北部、新疆、西藏、台湾、海南、福建等地区.研究期内低值聚集区城市数量整体呈现先增加后减少的波动状态.     

AERMOD模型在土壤环境影响预测中的应用

目的分析以大气沉降为主的土壤影响预测及评价。方法采用AERMOD模型进行有机废气干沉降量、湿沉降量、总沉降量的计算。结果该区域内甲苯干沉降量占总沉降量比在97%～99%之间,湿沉降对总沉降量的贡献值很小,甲苯在该区域干沉降过程沉降速度范围为0.0003～0.0033 m/s,平均沉降速度为0.0016 m/s。结论以甲苯为代表的有机废气大气沉降计算主要以干沉降为主,干沉降速度具有明显的日变化特征,一般在中午前后出现最大值,大气沉降对周围土壤环境影响较小。