LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN NONPOINT SOURCE PHOSPHORUS ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: Existing land use data were used to estimate nonpoint source phosphorus loads to Lake Champlain (Vermont/New York/Quebec) in a loading function model that combined P concentration coefficients with regional hydrologic data. The estimates were verified against monitored loading data, then used to assess the relative magnitudes of contributions from major land uses and regions of the Lake Champlain Basin. The Basin is comprised of 62 percent forest, 28 percent agricultural land, 3 percent urban land, and 7 percent water. The best-fit model estimated an annual total P load of 457 mt/year, which did not differ significantly from the 458 metric tons/year measured for an average hydrologic year, and accurately predicted loads from major tributaries. Agriculture contributes 66 percent of the annual nonpoint source P load to Lake Champlain; urban and forest land contribute 18 percent and 16 percent, respectively. Because agricultural land contributes most nonpoint source P to Lake Champlain, load reduction effort must deal with agricultural sources. However, because the urban 3 percent of the basin contributes 18 percent of the estimated load, high load reduction efficiencies might be achieved by addressing urban sources. This assessment clearly demonstrated the relationship between land use and P loads in the Lake Champlain Basin, a prerequisite for policy-makers to endorse a P management strategy requiring changes in land use and management.     

气浮中试工艺中若干运行参数

为找出气浮(DAF)工艺的最佳运行工艺参数,对影响气浮工艺出水效果较大的预处理条件、混凝剂投量、水力负荷、水力条件、回流比、刮渣周期等运行参数做了大量的中试试验研究,发现适当的预臭氧处理可以提高UV254的去除,预加氯可以提高对浊度和藻类的去除,预加高锰酸盐可以提高对浊度、藻类、嗅味和UV254等的去除,预加粉末活性炭可以提高对有机物、色度、嗅味的去除,混凝剂投量从10 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,气浮工艺对有机物的去除率提高了30%~40%,水力负荷越高气浮出水浊度越高,回流比越大气浮出水浊度越低,气浮池过长的刮渣周期也会降低出水水质。总之,合理调整气浮池的工艺参数,可以提高气浮出水水质,降低运行成本。     

Impact of aquacultures on the marine ecosystem: Modelling benthic carbon loading over variable depth

In order to be used within Environmental Impact Assessment study, we have developed a three-dimensional particle tracking model for prediction of benthic carbon loading (BCL) caused by fish farms. The model is based on stochastic differential equations for particle transport consistent with the well-known semi-empirical advection/diffusion equation. It requires only easily obtainable input data in the form of measured current record, the source location and a specification of local bathymetry. The model accounts for advection by long-term residual and tidal currents, turbulent diffusion, realistic bathymetry and variations in daily (monthly or yearly) emissions from fish farm.Here, we concentrate on the changes in sedimentation pattern caused by various bathymetric shapes. Examination of idealized cases reveals where and why we can expect the worst impact on benthic communities. For future reference, these results will be included into guidelines for fish farming.     

城市地表覆盖材料的热反应

本文对几种地表覆盖材料在具有“火炉”之称的山城重庆典型夏季气候条件下的热反应进行了实测研究，以期为生态城市设计提供有益的参考数据。     

密云水库潮白河流域非点源污染负荷

利用密云水库两大入库河流一潮河和白河的常规监测数据，引用平均浓度法，估算流域非点源污染负荷，结果表明，73％COD、71％COD、94％NH3—N、75％T—N及94％T—P来自非点源污染，非点源污染是造成水库污染的主要原因。流域非点源污染的发生具有明显的地域分异特征。CODmn、BOD5等有机物主要来自白河流域，这可能与白河流域水土流失严重有关。而NH3—N、T—N及T—P等营养物质主要来自潮河流域。     

材料结构参数对薄板冲压成形仿真结果的影响

采用不同材料屈服模型及参数对典型冲压过程进行了仿真 ,对仿真结果进行了分析。分析表明材料模型及参数对仿真结果影响至关重要 ,板料的厚度分布及成形极限图对结构参数n和r值很敏感。这对更好的了解不同材料在冲压时的力学行为和进行冲压仿真时怎样合理选择材料模型及参数提供了帮助     

在我区西部大开发的平台上认识和发展循环经济

文章从系统论的科学原理出发，分析和探讨内蒙古工业经济发展模式，即线性经济模式和循环经济模式的不同点。同时指出，走循环经济的道路更符合系统科学的原理，是内蒙古地区参与西部大开发建设的需要，也是实现可持续发展的一个非常重要的途径。     

用固定化生物材料去除水体中的重金属离子

介绍了固定生物法去除水体中的重金属离子的特点 ,生物材料的类型 ,生物材料的选择 ,固定化方法及进行水处理的操作方式。     

序列式活性污泥法稳定性研究

本文报道了对序列式活性污泥法稳定性的研究结果,研究表明,对于周期间的变浓度恒负荷、变浓度变负荷以及周期内变浓度变负荷冲击,该工艺均表现出良好的稳定性。     

基于RS和GIS的农业土地利用污染分析

农业已被确认为地表和地下水最主要的非点源污染源,而土地利用方式又是影响非点源污染的关键性因素。讨论了非点源污染与农业土地利用方式之间的关系,利用组件GIS技术,实现非点源污染负荷的定量计算及可视化分析。最后,以上海市松江区作为研究区域,对该区的污染情况进行了分析。结果表明,研究所提出的方法及开发的模块在非点源污染分析中基本上能满足要求,可以为环境建模提供必不可少的参数。