阴-阳离子有机膨润土协同吸附作用及其机理研究

合成并研究了一系列阴-阳离子有机膨润土对水中苯酚、苯的吸附作用及其机理.结果表明,阴-阳离子有机膨润土对水中有机物具有协同吸附作用,其作用大小与改性时所用表面活性剂的种类、组成、配比及有机物本身的性质有关;对苯酚的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,是分配作用(partition)和表面吸附(adsorption)共同作用的结果,分配作用的贡献率随改性时阴离子表面活性剂加入量的增大而增大;对水中苯的吸附以分配作用为主,分配系数大于原土及单阳离子有机膨润土,且与有机碳含量呈正相关.     

Benzene conversion by manganese dioxide assisted silent discharge plasma

Non-thermal plasma technologies have shown their promising potential specially for the low concentration of volatile organic compound control in indoor air in recent years. But it is also high energy consuming. So, to improve the energy efficiency, adding catalysts which enhance the plasma chemical reactions to plasma reactors may be a good selection. Therefore, in this study the manganese dioxide assisted silent discharge plasma was developed for benzene conversion at a relatively high energy efficiency. The results show that MnO₂ could promote complete oxidation of benzene with O₂ and O₃ produced in the plasma discharge zone. The energy efficiency of benzene conversion with MnO₂ was two folds as much as that without catalysts. It was also found that the site of MnO₂ in the reactor and the energy density had effects on benzene conversion. While the energy density was lower than 48 J/L, benzene conversion decreased with the increase in the distance between MnO₂ bed and the plasma discharge zone. Whereas when the energy density was higher than 104 J/L, benzene conversion had an optimal value that was governed by the distance between MnO₂ bed and the plasma discharge zone. The mechanism of benzene oxidation in plasma discharges and over MnO₂ is discussed in detail. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 703–707 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

改性活性炭对苯的吸附性能

本文研究了用H_3PO_4,SN (以 NaNO_2为主的复盐) 等改性的活性炭对苯的吸附性能,在不同苯浓度和空述下,经适当改性的活性炭对苯的吸附容量大于活性炭本身,探讨了改性活性炭的表观比表面与其吸附性能的关系。     

Steady-state kinetics and osillation phenomena for complete oxidation of benzene over Pt/Al_2O_3 catalyst

The steady-state kinetics for complete oxidation of benzene over has been investigated by the external recycling reactor. The kinetics equation was described by the L-H model of adsorption of benzene and oxygen with the inhibition of carbon dioxide. The parameters of the kinetics model were estimated by the method of orthogonal design. The heats of adsorption of benzene, oxygen and carbon dioxide were determined by the method of gas-adsorption chromatography. The details of oscillations of complete oxidation of benzene were investigated.     

土壤微生物对苯的降解研究

使用大庆油田石油污染土壤中分离出优势菌种(革兰氏阴性G^-、黄杆菌属Flavobacterium),在实验室可控条件下,研究了该菌种对苯的降解规律和特点.研究发现:微生物对苯浓度耐受范围8.8～17.6 mg·L^-1,大于17.6mg·L^-1时,对该菌株产生明显的抑制作用.降解体系在pH为6.5～7.0之间达到对苯的较高降解水平,最佳降解率出现在苯初始浓度7.04～13.2mg·L^-1之间;苯在微生物细胞内外的浓度变化趋势呈现一致.-lgP(P为有机溶剂苯在细胞膜和水相中的分配系数的比值)的变化能够较好的表征苯在微生物细胞内外的降解趋势和毒性变化;当体系中苯的初始浓度大于8.8mg·L^-1时,苯的降解率与P值变化趋于一致.     

日照市夏季VOCs物种空间分布特征及其对臭氧生成的影响

2020年8月22～ 29日期间利用便携式声表面波气相色谱仪(GC-SAW)对日照市区的主要企业源、居民源和道路开展了在线采样分析,获得了大气中多种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的空间分布特征,并对主要组分的化学反应活性进行研究.结果 表明,日照市碳原子大于5的VOCs(VOCC＞5)主要以甲苯、正丙苯和正辛烷为主,且空间分...     

有机污染物在大连近海海水中生物降解速度的研究

研究了４种特征有机污染物在大连近海海水中生物降解的动力学,通过大天然海水中分别加入有机物苯,硝基苯,苯胺和苯酚,实验测定了它们在０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ及１ｍｇ／Ｌ等几组不同浓度下的ＢＯＤ及其历时曲线,根据实验结果,经数据处理,得到同物的生物降解动力学参数Ｋ和Ｌ０,应用一级反应动力学表示的ＢＯＤ数学模式Ｙ＝Ｌ０（１－１０＾ｋｔ）较好表达了ＢＯＤ随时间的变化规律,计算结果与实测     

Bio-removal of mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes/total petroleum hydrocarbons/trichloroethylene from contaminated water

Four pure cultures were isolated from soil samples potentially contaminated with gasoline compounds either at a construction site near a gas station in Fai Chi Kei, Macau SAR or in the northern parts of China (Beijing, and Hebei and Shandong). The e ects of di erent concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three isomers (ortho-, meta-, and para-) of xylene (BTEX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and trichloroethylene (TCE), when they were present in mixtures, on the bio-removal e ciencies of microbial isolates were investigated, together with their interactions during the bio-removal process. When the isolates were tested for the BTEX (50–350 mg/L)/TPH (2000 mg/L) mixture, BTEoX in BTEoX/TPH mixture was shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies, while BTEmX in BTEmX/TPH mixture was shown with the lowest, regardless of isolates. The TPH in BTEmX/TPH mixture, on the other hand, were generally shown with higher bio-removal e ciencies compared to when TPH mixed with BTEoX and BTEpX. When these BTEX mixtures (at 350 mg/L) were present with TCE (5–50 mg/L), the stimulatory e ect of TCE toward BTEoX bio-removal was observed for BTEoX/TCE mixture, while the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward BTEmX for BTEmX/TCE mixture. The bio-removal e ciency for TPH was shown lower in TPH (2000 mg/L)/TCE (5–50 mg/L) mixtures compared to TPH present alone, implying the inhibitory e ect of TCE toward TPH bio-removal. For the mixture of BTEX (417 mg/L), TPH (2000 mg/L) along with TCE (5– 50 mg/L), TCE was shown co-metabolically removed more e ciently at 15 mg/L, probably utilizing BTEX and/or TPH as primary substrates.     

芳烃化合物水溶解度及分配系数的估算

将分子连接性指数法(Molecular Connectivity Index,MCI)与几何平均连接性指数法(Geometrical Mean Connectivity Index,GMCI)相结合,改进了GMCI的点价计算方法。使用新方法计算了34种芳烃化合物0～4阶指数的点价值,并分别通过对溶解度和点价值,分配系数和点价值进行逐步多元回归分析,建立了新的指数和溶解度、分配系数之间的定量关系模型,回归方程的相关系数为0.961、0.962,都达到了良好级,估计标准误差为0.3454、0.2674,优于MCI法和GMCI法。     

某化工厂苯塔泄漏事故的定量风险评估

应用ALOHA软件对苯塔泄漏事故后果进行了预测分析,参考ERPG、IDLH浓度阈值,对企业制定应急救援预案提出建议。